DRISHTI IAS NTA UGC NET/JRF Shikshashastra Class Notes Part-I – Educational Studies, History, Politics & Economics of Education | Hindi Medium

• Focused coverage of NTA UGC NET/JRF Education Paper-II – Unit I & Unit II
• Detailed study of Educational Studies and Philosophical Foundations of Education
• Covers major Indian Philosophical Traditions – Sankhya, Yoga, Vedanta, Buddhism and Jainism
• Includes Dayanand Philosophy and Islamic Traditions of Education
• Covers major Western Schools of Philosophy – Idealism, Realism, Naturalism, Pragmatism, Marxism and Existentialism
• Includes Sociology of Education, Social Institutions, Socialisation and Social Movements
• Covers educational ideas of Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi, Sri Aurobindo, J. Krishnamurti, Paulo Freire, Mary Wollstonecraft, Nel Noddings and Savitribai Phule
• 🇮🇳 Includes National Values enshrined in the Constitution with reference to education
• Covers major Education Commissions, Committees and National Education Policies
• Includes NCF 2005, National Knowledge Commission, Yashpal Committee and Justice Verma Committee
• Detailed coverage of Economics of Education, Educational Finance and Budgeting
• Covers Politics of Education, Policy Formulation and National Development
• Includes NTA/UGC-NET Previous Years’ Questions and practice questions
• 🇮🇳 Prepared in Hindi Medium for Education Paper-II aspirants

The PDF is presented as NTA/UGC-NET/JRF Shikshashastra Class Notes by Drishti Publications. Part-I primarily covers Unit I – Educational Studies and Unit II – History, Politics and Economics of Education.

About these Class Notes

Drishti IAS NTA UGC NET/JRF Shikshashastra Class Notes Part-I are Hindi-medium study notes designed for aspirants preparing Education Paper-II of the NTA UGC NET/JRF examination.

The first major section, Educational Studies, introduces the philosophical and sociological foundations of education. It covers Indian philosophical systems such as Sankhya, Yoga, Vedanta, Buddhism and Jainism, along with Dayanand philosophy and Islamic educational traditions. It also examines Western traditions including Idealism, Realism, Naturalism, Pragmatism, Marxism and Existentialism.

The unit further connects education with sociology, social institutions, social movements, socialisation, culture and social change, while studying the educational contributions of major Indian and international thinkers.

The second major section, History, Politics and Economics of Education, covers important commissions and committees in teacher education, education policy and national development, policy formulation, economics of education, educational finance, budgeting and political approaches to education.

Key Areas Covered

• Sankhya Philosophy & Education
• Yoga Philosophy & Education
• Vedanta – Advaita, Vishishtadvaita & Dvaita
• Buddhist Philosophy & Education
• Jain Philosophy & Education
• Dayanand Philosophy
• Islamic Traditions of Education
• Idealism
• Realism
• Naturalism
• Pragmatism
• Marxism
• Existentialism
• Sociology of Education
• Symbolic Interactionism
• Structural Functionalism
• Conflict Theory
• Social Institutions
• Social Movements
• Socialisation & Education
• Education & Culture
• Educational Thinkers
• 🇮🇳 National Values & Indian Constitution
• Education Commissions & Committees
• National Education Policies
• Economics of Education
• Cost-Benefit & Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
• Educational Finance
• Educational Budgeting
• Politics & Education
• Education Policy Formulation
• Education & National Development

Table of Contents

Unit I – Educational Studies

The PDF allocates the first major section to Educational Studies, covering philosophical, sociological and value-oriented foundations of education. The detailed contents begin with Indian philosophical traditions and continue through Western philosophy, sociology of education, educational thinkers and constitutional values.

1. Indian Philosophical Traditions & Education

Sankhya • Yoga • Vedanta • Buddhism • Jainism • Dayanand Philosophy • Islamic Educational Tradition

The detailed contents cover the educational implications of Sankhya and Yoga, Vedanta traditions including Advaita, Vishishtadvaita and Dvaita, Buddhist teachings and educational philosophy, Jain principles and Dayanand’s educational thought.

The notes explain these traditions not merely as philosophical systems, but in relation to educational aims, curriculum, teaching methods, discipline and teacher–learner relationships.

2. Western Philosophical Traditions

Idealism • Realism • Naturalism • Pragmatism • Marxism • Existentialism

The section connects these schools with education and specifically examines their contribution in relation to information, knowledge and wisdom.

The detailed table of contents includes their definitions, philosophical foundations, major forms and educational implications.

3. Sociology of Education

Symbolic Interactionism • Structural Functionalism • Conflict Theory • Social Institutions • Social Movements • Socialisation • Education & Culture

The detailed contents also cover the distinction between Educational Sociology and Sociology of Education, types and functions of social institutions, and major theories of social movements.

4. Educational Thinkers & Social Change

The notes cover the educational thought of:

Swami Vivekananda • Rabindranath Tagore • Mahatma Gandhi • Sri Aurobindo • J. Krishnamurti • Paulo Freire • Mary Wollstonecraft • Nel Noddings • Savitribai Phule.

The detailed contents include themes such as Vivekananda’s educational philosophy, Tagore’s self-education and worldview, Gandhi’s Sarvodaya and educational ideals, Aurobindo’s educational philosophy, Freire’s educational ideas and Savitribai Phule’s social contribution.

5. National Values & Education

The book covers constitutional values in relation to education, including:

Socialism • Secularism • Justice • Liberty • Democracy • Equality • Independence/Autonomy.

Unit II – History, Politics & Economics of Education

1. Education Commissions & Committees

The notes cover major commissions and policy documents relevant to education and teacher education, including:

Secondary Education Commission (1953) • Kothari Education Commission (1964–66) • National Education Policy 1986 & 1992 • National Curriculum Framework 2005 • National Knowledge Commission 2007 • Yashpal Committee Report 2009 • National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education 2009 • Justice Verma Committee Report 2012.

The detailed contents include major recommendations and their relationship with teacher education.

2. Education Policy & National Development

The section studies the relationship between policy and education, the role of education policy in national development and the different stages involved in educational policy formulation.

It also includes major education-related policies and programmes such as National Education Policy 1968, 1986, 1992 and 2020, Right to Education Act 2009, Samagra Shiksha, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, RMSA, Mid-Day Meal/PM POSHAN and NIPUN Bharat.

3. Economics of Education

The Economics of Education section includes:

Cost-Benefit Analysis • Cost-Effectiveness Analysis • Economic Returns to Higher Education • Signalling Theory • Human Capital Theory • Educational Finance • Micro & Macro Educational Finance • Budgeting.

4. Politics & Education

The notes examine the relationship between politics and education, including Liberal, Conservative and Critical perspectives, along with approaches such as Behaviouralism, Systems Analysis and Rational Choice Theory.

The section also studies the role of education in political development and political socialisation.

NTA UGC NET/JRF Previous Years’ Questions

The class notes include NTA/UGC-NET previous-year and practice questions within both units.

The Educational Studies section contains questions from exam cycles including June 2020, June 2021, October 2022, December 2023 and August 2024, covering Indian philosophy, Western philosophy, educational thinkers and constitutional values.

The History, Politics and Economics of Education section also includes PYQs on education commissions, educational finance, budgeting, National Knowledge Commission and other education-policy themes.

Suitable For

NTA UGC NET Education • UGC NET/JRF Shikshashastra Paper-II • Education Class Notes Hindi Medium • Educational Studies • Philosophy of Education • Sociology of Education • History of Education • Politics of Education • Economics of Education