{"product_id":"drishti-ias-psychology-optional-course-book-i-class-notes-english-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS Psychology Optional Course Book-I, Class Notes, English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDRISHTI IAS Psychology Book-I | Optional Course for Civil Services Examination\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComprehensive coverage of core Psychology concepts\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Civil Services Psychology Optional preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBegins with the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction, Meaning, Scope and Historical Development of Psychology\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePersonality\u003c\/strong\u003e, including major approaches, theories and personality measurement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePsychoanalytic, Neo-Freudian, Interactionist, Interpersonal, Behaviouristic and Trait approaches\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLearning Theories\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebased on Behaviourist, Gestalt and Cognitive perspectives\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClassical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Reinforcement and Social Learning\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlbert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProgrammed Learning, Probability Learning and Cognitive Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed section on\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMemory\u003c\/strong\u003e, including Encoding, Storage and Retrieval\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSensory, Short-Term and Long-Term Memory\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMultistore Model, Levels of Processing and Theories of Forgetting\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSensation, Attention and Perception\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelective Attention, Vigilance, Depth Perception and Perceptual Organisation\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStructured as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePsychology Book-I\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Civil Services Optional Course preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDF is titled\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePsychology (Book-I)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand is presented as an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptional Course for Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this Book\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS Psychology Book-I\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis a focused study resource designed for aspirants preparing\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePsychology as an Optional subject for the Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book covers five major areas:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction to Psychology, Personality, Learning, Memory, and Sensation-Attention-Perception\u003c\/strong\u003e. The contents are organised chapter-wise, beginning with foundational psychological concepts and moving into major theories and cognitive processes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe introductory section explains Psychology as the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003escientific study of mental processes and behaviour\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand discusses its development as a scientific discipline, along with important schools such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunctionalism, Structuralism, Behaviourism, Gestalt Psychology and Psychoanalysis\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe later chapters provide detailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epersonality theories, learning processes, memory systems and perceptual processes\u003c\/strong\u003e, making the book useful for concept-building and systematic Optional preparation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction to Psychology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistory \u0026amp; Development of Psychology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMajor Schools of Psychology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConcept \u0026amp; Definition of Personality\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApproaches \u0026amp; Theories of Personality\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePsychoanalytic Approach\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFreud’s Theory of Personality\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNeo-Freudians\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdler’s Individual Psychology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterpersonal Approach\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBehaviouristic Approach to Personality\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDevelopment of Self-Concept\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunctional Autonomy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrait \u0026amp; Type Approach\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMeasurement of Personality\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLearning – Concepts \u0026amp; Theories\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClassical Conditioning\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOperant Conditioning\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSchedules of Reinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSocial Learning\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProgrammed Learning\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePiaget’s Cognitive Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInsight Learning\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProbability Learning\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMemory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEncoding, Storage \u0026amp; Retrieval\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShort-Term Memory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLong-Term Memory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSensory, Iconic \u0026amp; Echoic Memory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMultistore Model\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLevels of Processing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMnemonic Techniques\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTheories of Forgetting\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSensation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAttention\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelective Attention\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerception\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepth \u0026amp; Space Perception\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerceptual Organisation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerceptual Constancies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVigilance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Introduction\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book begins with the foundations of Psychology and explains Psychology as the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003escientific study of mental processes and behaviour\u003c\/strong\u003e. It discusses how psychologists use scientific methods to understand, explain and predict behaviour.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe historical section traces important philosophical roots and the development of Psychology into an independent scientific discipline. It discusses thinkers such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAristotle, Descartes and empiricist philosophers\u003c\/strong\u003e, followed by the emergence of experimental Psychology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDF also covers major schools of Psychology such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunctionalism, Structuralism, Behaviourism, Gestalt Psychology and Psychoanalysis\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Personality\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConcept \u0026amp; Definition of Personality • Approaches \u0026amp; Theories of Personality • Psychoanalytical Approach • Development of Superego • Intra-Psychic Struggle • Levels of Consciousness • Critical Evaluation of Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory • Neo-Freudians • Adler’s Individual Psychology • Interactionist Approach • Harry Stack Sullivan • Behaviouristic Approach • Development of Self-Concept • Functional Autonomy • Propium • Trait \u0026amp; Type Approach • Trait Theory • Measurement of Personality\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis section brings together multiple major perspectives on\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epersonality formation, personality structure and individual differences\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Learning\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe syllabus covers:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBehaviourist, Gestalt and Information-Processing Models • Extinction • Discrimination • Generalization • Programmed Learning • Probability Learning • Self-Instructional Learning • Reinforcement • Escape • Avoidance • Punishment • Modeling • Social Learning\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book defines learning as a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erelatively permanent change in behaviour resulting from practice or experience\u003c\/strong\u003e, while distinguishing learning from temporary change, maturation, reflex action and instinctive behaviour.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Classical \u0026amp; Cognitive Learning\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes discuss major learning approaches including:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClassical Conditioning • Operant Conditioning • Multiple Response Learning • Cognitive Learning\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Classical Conditioning section explains\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnconditioned Stimulus, Unconditioned Response, Conditioned Stimulus and Conditioned Response\u003c\/strong\u003e, using Pavlov’s experiment as the core illustration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe chapter contents also include\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlbert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, Programmed Learning, Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory, Insight Learning and Probability Learning\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Memory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Memory chapter covers:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEncoding \u0026amp; Remembering • Short-Term Memory • Long-Term Memory • Sensory Memory • Iconic Memory • Echoic Memory • Multistore Model • Levels of Processing • Mnemonic Techniques • Theories of Forgetting • Interference • Retrieval Failure • Metamemory • Anterograde \u0026amp; Retrograde Amnesia\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDF explains memory through three central processes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEncoding → Storage → Retrieval\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe diagram on the Memory page visually presents these three processes as the basic structure connecting\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003elearning and memory\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe text also distinguishes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmediate Memory, Short-Term Memory and Long-Term Memory\u003c\/strong\u003e, and discusses how information is processed and transferred across memory systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Approaches to Study Memory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book distinguishes between\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStructural and Process approaches to memory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand includes the information-processing perspective associated with sensory register, STM and LTM.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe accompanying diagram shows the flow from\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSensory Input → Sensory Register → STM → LTM\u003c\/strong\u003e, along with attention, recognition, rehearsal, retrieval and information loss.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Sensation, Attention \u0026amp; Perception\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe syllabus covers:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAttention • Factors Influencing Attention • Sensation • Absolute \u0026amp; Difference Threshold • Signal Detection • Vigilance • Perception • Biological Factors in Perception • Perceptual Organisation • Past Experience • Perceptual Defence • Space \u0026amp; Depth Perception • Size Estimation • Perceptual Readiness\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book defines attention as a process through which selected stimuli are brought into focus while distracting stimuli are resisted.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Selective Attention\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe section explains the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ealerting and selective functions of attention\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand discusses limitations in human information-processing capacity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt also covers the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCocktail Party Problem and Cherry’s Dichotic Listening Experiment\u003c\/strong\u003e, explaining how people selectively attend to one auditory message while filtering others.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe later discussion introduces\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etheories and models of selective attention\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand examines how physical characteristics such as voice, intensity and location influence auditory selection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSuitable For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePsychology Optional • UPSC Psychology Optional • Civil Services Examination • Psychology Book 1 • Personality Psychology • Learning Psychology • Memory Psychology • Sensation Attention and Perception • Cognitive Psychology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52655017099544,"sku":"DP23030","price":289.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_62df759c-6698-41c3-9557-604353eedeca.jpg?v=1789124453","url":"https:\/\/shop.drishtipublications.com\/products\/drishti-ias-psychology-optional-course-book-i-class-notes-english-medium","provider":"Drishti Publications","version":"1.0","type":"link"}