{"product_id":"drishti-ias-nta-ugc-net-jrf-samajshastra-paper-ii-class-notes-unit-1-2-hindi-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS NTA UGC NET\/JRF Samajshastra Paper-II Class Notes, Unit 1 \u0026 2, Hindi Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDRISHTI IAS NTA UGC NET\/JRF Samajshastra Class Notes Part-I – Sociological Theory \u0026amp; Research Methodology | Hindi Medium\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFocused coverage of NTA UGC NET\/JRF Sociology Paper-II – Unit I \u0026amp; Unit II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSociological Theory and Classical Sociological Traditions\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers major thinkers including\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEmile Durkheim, Max Weber and Karl Marx\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStructural Functionalism and Structuralism\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBronislaw Malinowski, A.R. Radcliffe-Brown, Talcott Parsons, Robert K. Merton and Claude Lévi-Strauss\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterpretative and Hermeneutic Traditions\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eG.H. Mead, Karl Mannheim, Alfred Schutz, Harold Garfinkel, Erving Goffman and Clifford Geertz\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePostmodernism, Post-Structuralism and Post-Colonialism\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes contemporary thinkers such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEdward Said, Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Foucault, Jürgen Habermas, Anthony Giddens and Manuel Castells\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳 Dedicated section on\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Sociological Thinkers\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eM.K. Gandhi, B.R. Ambedkar, Radhakamal Mukerjee, G.S. Ghurye, M.N. Srinivas and Irawati Karve\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComprehensive coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch Methodology and Methods in Sociology\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuantitative and Qualitative Research\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch Design, Hypothesis, Research Questions, Sampling, Questionnaire and Schedule\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical Analysis, Observation, Interview, Case Study and Data Interpretation\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean, Median, Mode, Dispersion, Correlation, Reliability and Validity\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContains\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor exam-oriented preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳 Prepared in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHindi Medium\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Sociology Paper-II aspirants\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDF is presented as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET\/JRF Samajshastra Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eby Drishti Publications and Part-I primarily covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit I – Sociological Theory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit II – Research Methodology and Methods\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout these Class Notes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS NTA UGC NET\/JRF Samajshastra Class Notes Part-I\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eare Hindi-medium study notes designed for aspirants preparing\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSociology Paper-II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof the NTA UGC NET\/JRF examination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first major section,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSociological Theory\u003c\/strong\u003e, covers classical sociological traditions, structural-functional and structuralist perspectives, interpretative traditions, postmodern and post-colonial approaches, and major Indian sociological thinkers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe second major section,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch Methodology and Methods\u003c\/strong\u003e, covers the philosophy of science, scientific method in social sciences, epistemology, objectivity, reflexivity, research design, quantitative and qualitative methods, sampling, questionnaires, interviews, observation, case studies, statistical analysis and research-report writing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTogether, these notes provide a strong conceptual base for understanding both\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esociological thinkers and theories\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eas well as the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emethods used to conduct systematic social research\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClassical Sociological Traditions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEmile Durkheim\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMax Weber\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKarl Marx\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStructural Functionalism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStructuralism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBronislaw Malinowski\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA.R. Radcliffe-Brown\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTalcott Parsons\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRobert K. Merton\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClaude Lévi-Strauss\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eG.H. Mead\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKarl Mannheim\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlfred Schutz\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHarold Garfinkel\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eErving Goffman\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClifford Geertz\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePostmodernism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost-Structuralism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost-Colonialism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEdward Said\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePierre Bourdieu\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMichel Foucault\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJürgen Habermas\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnthony Giddens\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eManuel Castells\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eM.K. Gandhi\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eB.R. Ambedkar\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRadhakamal Mukerjee\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eG.S. Ghurye\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eM.N. Srinivas\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIrawati Karve\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSocial Research\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhilosophy of Science\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch Design\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHypothesis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuantitative Research\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQualitative Research\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthnography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSurvey Method\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistorical Method\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComparative Method\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSampling\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuestionnaire \u0026amp; Schedule\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObservation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterview\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCase Study\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Interpretation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReliability \u0026amp; Validity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch Report Writing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit I – Sociological Theory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Classical Sociological Traditions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe syllabus begins with three major classical sociologists:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEmile Durkheim • Max Weber • Karl Marx\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEmile Durkheim\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe detailed contents cover:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLife \u0026amp; Works • Rules of Sociological Method • Social Facts • Collective Consciousness • Division of Labour • Mechanical Solidarity • Organic Solidarity • Suicide • Religion \u0026amp; Society • Evaluation of Durkheim’s Theory\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe text introduces Sociology as the scientific study of society and identifies\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDurkheim, Weber and Marx\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eamong the leading figures of the classical sociological tradition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMax Weber\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLife \u0026amp; Works • Methodology • Value Judgement • Ideal Type • Social Action • Power and Authority • Rational-Legal Authority • Charismatic Authority • Traditional Authority • Religion and Economy • Bureaucracy • Social Class \u0026amp; Status\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKarl Marx\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLife \u0026amp; Works • Dialectical Materialism • Historical Materialism • Class Conflict • Social Change • Alienation • Evaluation of Marxism\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStructural Functionalism \u0026amp; Structuralism\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Structural-Functional \u0026amp; Structuralist Traditions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe prescribed thinkers include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBronislaw Malinowski • A.R. Radcliffe-Brown • Talcott Parsons • Robert K. Merton • Claude Lévi-Strauss\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBronislaw Malinowski\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCulture and Function • Theory of Needs • Religion, Magic and Science • Functionalism and its Critique\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA.R. Radcliffe-Brown\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConcept of Social Structure • Tribal Social Structure • Structural Functionalism\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTalcott Parsons\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSocial Action • Pattern Variables • Functional Prerequisites • Adaptation • Goal Attainment • Integration • Latency\/Pattern Maintenance • Types of Social Structure • Social Change • Cybernetic Hierarchy • Evolutionary Theory\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRobert K. Merton\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiddle-Range Theory • Functionalism • Manifest \u0026amp; Latent Functions • Reference Groups • Relative Deprivation • Anomie • Modes of Individual Adaptation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClaude Lévi-Strauss\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructuralism • Structural Analysis • Structural Study of Myths\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eInterpretative \u0026amp; Hermeneutic Traditions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Major Interpretative Thinkers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe syllabus includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eG.H. Mead • Karl Mannheim • Alfred Schutz • Harold Garfinkel • Erving Goffman • Clifford Geertz\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe detailed contents cover themes such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelf and Identity, Sociology of Knowledge, Phenomenology, Ethnomethodology, Dramaturgical Approach, Social Interaction and Cultural Interpretation\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePostmodernism, Post-Structuralism \u0026amp; Post-Colonialism\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Contemporary Sociological Traditions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes cover:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePostmodernism • Post-Structuralism • Post-Colonialism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand thinkers including\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEdward Said, Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Foucault, Jürgen Habermas, Anthony Giddens and Manuel Castells\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePierre Bourdieu\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe detailed content includes Bourdieu’s ideas related to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epractice, habitus and cultural structuralism\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMichel Foucault\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes cover Foucault’s views on:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKnowledge • Power • Disciplinary Systems • Sexuality • Postmodernity and other major concepts\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJürgen Habermas\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLifeworld • Marxism • Legitimation Crisis • Communicative Action • Classification of Action Patterns\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnthony Giddens\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStructuration Theory • Views on Modernity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eManuel Castells\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMajor sociological ideas associated with contemporary society and social transformation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e🇮🇳 Indian Sociological Thinkers\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Major Indian Thinkers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe syllabus includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eM.K. Gandhi • B.R. Ambedkar • Radhakamal Mukerjee • G.S. Ghurye • M.N. Srinivas • Irawati Karve\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eM.K. Gandhi\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe detailed contents cover concepts such as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTruth • Ahimsa • Satyagraha • Sarvodaya • Trusteeship • Varna System • Untouchability • Communal Unity • Women • Education • Religion • Ideal Society\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eB.R. Ambedkar\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVarna System • Caste System • Religion • Social Justice • Dalit Emancipation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRadhakamal Mukerjee\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSocial Values • Regional Sociology • Other Important Sociological Ideas\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eG.S. Ghurye\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndological Perspective • Caste • Tribe • Urbanisation • Religion • Race in Indian History • Nationalism\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eM.N. Srinivas\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructural-Functional Approach • Sanskritisation • Dominant Caste • Social Change • Comparative Study\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIrawati Karve\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHindu Society • Kinship System • Major Sociological Contributions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eUnit II – Research Methodology \u0026amp; Methods\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Research \u0026amp; Social Reality\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearch • Definitions • Characteristics • Nature • Types • Objectives • Stages of Research\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes define social research as a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esystematic and scientific method of studying social phenomena, discovering new knowledge and re-examining existing facts and relationships\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Philosophy of Science \u0026amp; Scientific Method\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhilosophy of Science • Sociology as Science • Scientific Method in Social Sciences • Characteristics \u0026amp; Stages of Scientific Method • Epistemology • Interpretative Traditions • Objectivity • Reflexivity • Ethics \u0026amp; Politics in Social Research\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Research Design\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearch Design • Stages • Exploratory Design • Descriptive\/Explanatory Design • Experimental Design • Diagnostic Design • Nature \u0026amp; Objectives of Social Research\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. Data, Induction, Deduction \u0026amp; Theory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData • Primary Data • Inductive Method • Deductive Method • Facts • Concepts • Theory • Relationship between Facts and Theory\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10. Hypothesis \u0026amp; Research Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning • Characteristics • Importance • Nature • Types of Hypothesis • Research Hypothesis • Null Hypothesis • Statistical Hypothesis • Sources of Hypothesis • Research Questions • Objectives\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuantitative \u0026amp; Qualitative Methods\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11. Research Methods\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuantitative Method • Qualitative Method • Ethnography • Survey Method • Historical Method • Comparative Method\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes compare quantitative and qualitative research and discuss their\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003echaracteristics, advantages and limitations\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch Techniques\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12. Sampling\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning • Advantages • Limitations • Probability Sampling • Non-Probability Sampling\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13. Questionnaire \u0026amp; Schedule\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQuestionnaire – Meaning • Importance • Characteristics • Types • Construction • Administration • Reliability \u0026amp; Validity\u003cbr\u003eSchedule – Characteristics • Types • Procedure • Utility • Limitations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14. Statistical Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning • Characteristics • Types • Utility • Importance • Limitations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15. Observation \u0026amp; Interview\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eObservation – Meaning • Characteristics • Types • Utility • Limitations\u003cbr\u003eInterview – Meaning • Characteristics • Objectives • Types • Process • Importance • Limitations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16. Case Study\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning • Characteristics • Assumptions • Procedure • Sources of Information • Importance • Limitations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eData Analysis \u0026amp; Statistics\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17. Measures of Central Tendency\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean • Median • Mode\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e18. Measures of Dispersion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRange • Mean Deviation • Standard Deviation • Variance • Lorenz Curve • Quartile Deviation\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19. Correlation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTypes of Correlation • Correlation Coefficient • Spearman Rank Correlation • Pearson Product-Moment Correlation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20. Reliability \u0026amp; Validity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes include dedicated coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReliability, methods of determining reliability and different types of Validity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e21. Research Report Writing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePurpose of Research Report • Principles of Report Preparation • Criteria of a Good Research Report • Publication • Elements of Report Writing • Precautions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNTA UGC NET\/JRF Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe class notes include\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET previous-year questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eintegrated with Sociological Theory and Research Methodology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Research Methodology section includes questions from\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDecember 2023\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eon areas such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etheory, qualitative methodology, research design and characteristics of a usable hypothesis\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Sociological Theory section also contains exam questions on thinkers and concepts such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMichel Foucault and Robert K. Merton\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSuitable For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA UGC NET Sociology • UGC NET\/JRF Samajshastra Paper-II • Sociology Class Notes Hindi Medium • Sociological Theory • Classical Sociology • Indian Sociological Thinkers • Research Methodology • Social Research Methods • Sociology NET\/JRF Preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52677953683736,"sku":"DP24040","price":405.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_ded50193-7c66-4f19-ae3f-14288a528f3e.jpg?v=1789369010","url":"https:\/\/shop.drishtipublications.com\/products\/drishti-ias-nta-ugc-net-jrf-samajshastra-paper-ii-class-notes-unit-1-2-hindi-medium","provider":"Drishti Publications","version":"1.0","type":"link"}