{"product_id":"drishti-ias-indian-geography-class-notes-optional-course-english-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS Indian Geography Class Notes, Optional Course English Medium – English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDrishti IAS Indian Geography | Geography Optional Course for Civil Services Examination\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComprehensive coverage of Indian Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Geography Optional preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed section on\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAgriculture\u003c\/strong\u003e, including inputs, cropping patterns, productivity, regionalisation and agro-climatic zones\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGreen Revolution, Dry Farming, Livestock, White Revolution, Aquaculture, Sericulture, Apiculture and Poultry\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExtensive coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Industry\u003c\/strong\u003e, including textile, iron \u0026amp; steel, aluminium, fertilizer, pharmaceutical, automobile, sugar and paper industries\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndustrial Regionalisation, New Industrial Policy, Liberalisation, Multinationals and Special Economic Zones\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTransport, Communication and Trade\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ethrough roads, railways, pipelines, airways, waterways, ports and trade policy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInformation \u0026amp; Communication Technology and Indian Space Programme\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeographical Basis of Indian Federalism, State Reorganisation and Regional Issues\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInternational Boundaries, Cross-Border Terrorism, India’s Role in World Affairs and Geopolitics of South Asia \u0026amp; Indian Ocean\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Management, Globalisation and Contemporary Issues\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesigned as an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptional Course for Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book is titled\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand is structured specifically for Geography Optional preparation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this Book\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS Indian Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis a focused Geography Optional study resource designed for aspirants preparing for the Civil Services Examination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book is organised around five major areas —\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAgriculture, Industry, Transport-Communication-Trade, Political Aspects and Contemporary Issues\u003c\/strong\u003e. This structure brings together economic, political and environmental dimensions of Indian Geography in one course book.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Agriculture section covers agricultural infrastructure, inputs, cropping patterns, productivity, Green Revolution, livestock resources and regionalisation. The Industry section then moves through the evolution, location and development of major industries and industrial policy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe later sections cover India’s transport network, communication systems, trade, federal structure, regional issues, geopolitical concerns and contemporary environmental-economic challenges.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAgriculture Infrastructure \u0026amp; Inputs\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIrrigation \u0026amp; Agricultural Resources\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCropping Pattern, Productivity \u0026amp; Cropping Intensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCrop Combination \u0026amp; Land Capability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGreen Revolution \u0026amp; its Socio-Economic and Ecological Implications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry Farming\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLivestock Resources \u0026amp; White Revolution\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAquaculture\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSericulture\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApiculture\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePoultry\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAgricultural Regionalisation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAgro-Climatic Zones \u0026amp; Agro-Ecological Regions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEvolution and Distribution of Industries\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCotton \u0026amp; Jute Textile Industries\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIron \u0026amp; Steel, Aluminium and Fertilizer Industries\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePharmaceutical \u0026amp; Automobile Industries\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSugar Industry\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndustrial Houses, Complexes \u0026amp; Industrial Regionalisation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNew Industrial Policy, Multinationals \u0026amp; Liberalisation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecial Economic Zones\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTourism \u0026amp; Ecotourism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRoads, Railways, Pipelines \u0026amp; Airways\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWaterways \u0026amp; Ports\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrade, Trade Balance \u0026amp; Trade Policy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInformation \u0026amp; Communication Technology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Space Programme\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Federalism \u0026amp; State Reorganisation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegional Consciousness \u0026amp; Inter-State Issues\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInternational Boundaries \u0026amp; Cross-Border Terrorism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndia’s Role in World Affairs\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeopolitics of South Asia \u0026amp; Indian Ocean Realm\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Impact Assessment\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlobalisation \u0026amp; Indian Economy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEpidemics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAgrarian \u0026amp; Industrial Unrest\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Agriculture\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAgriculture Infrastructure • Agricultural Inputs • Institutional Factors • Cropping Pattern • Agricultural Productivity • Cropping Intensity • Crop Combination • Land Capability • Green Revolution and its Socio-Economic \u0026amp; Ecological Implications • Dry Farming • Livestock Resources • White Revolution • Aquaculture • Sericulture • Apiculture • Poultry • Agricultural Regionalisation • Agro-Climatic Zones • Agro-Ecological Regions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe chapter explains agriculture as a major economic activity and discusses the importance of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eirrigation, seeds, fertilizers, electricity, roads and crop insurance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eas agricultural inputs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt also covers irrigation sources and methods such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ewells, tube wells, canals, tanks, traditional water harvesting, drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Industry\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvolution of Industries • Cotton Textile • Jute Textile • Iron \u0026amp; Steel • Aluminium • Fertilizer • Paper • Pharmaceutical • Automobile • Sugar Industry • Industrial Houses and Complexes • Industrial Regionalisation • New Industrial Policy • Multinationals • Liberalisation • Special Economic Zones • Tourism including Ecotourism\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe section traces the evolution of industrialisation in India from traditional cottage industries to modern organised industries and subsequent policy-led industrial development.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt also classifies the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ephases of industrialisation in India\u003c\/strong\u003e, including the Abortive, Incipient and Premature phases, with examples of early textile, iron and steel and other industrial establishments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Transport, Communication and Trade\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRoads • Railways • Pipelines • Airways • Waterways and Ports • Trade and Trade Balance • Trade Policy • Export Processing Zone • Developments in Information and Communication Technology • Indian Space Programme\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe chapter classifies transportation into\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eland, water and air transport\u003c\/strong\u003e, with further coverage of roads, railways, pipelines, inland waterways and ocean routes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRoad transport is further divided into\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNational Highways, State Highways, District Roads, Rural Roads and Border Roads\u003c\/strong\u003e, along with their functions and administrative framework.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Political Aspects\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeographical Basis of Indian Federalism • States Reorganisation and Emergence of New States • Regional Consciousness and Inter-State Issues • International Boundary of India and Related Issues • Cross-Border Terrorism • India’s Role in World Affairs • Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean Realm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe section explains the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003egeographical basis of Indian federalism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ethrough centripetal and centrifugal forces, unity in diversity, physiographic conditions, linguistic-cultural elements and regional interests.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt further discusses factors such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emonsoon rhythm, linguistic unity, cultural identity, physiographic diversity and regional variation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein shaping Indian federalism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Contemporary Issues\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrinciples of Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management • Globalisation and Indian Economy • Epidemics • Problems of Agrarian and Industrial Unrest\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe EIA section explains Environmental Impact Assessment as a process for identifying and evaluating the likely\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eenvironmental, social, economic, cultural and human-health impacts\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof development projects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt also covers the EIA process through\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003escreening, scoping, baseline data collection, impact prediction, mitigation measures, public hearing, decision-making, monitoring and risk assessment\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSuitable For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeography Optional • UPSC Geography Optional • Civil Services Examination • Indian Geography • Economic Geography • Political Geography • Agriculture Geography • Industrial Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52638753390872,"sku":"GEOIG","price":347.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_35a05997-8877-4e52-8eba-687127886b2c.jpg?v=1788941991","url":"https:\/\/shop.drishtipublications.com\/products\/drishti-ias-indian-geography-class-notes-optional-course-english-medium","provider":"Drishti Publications","version":"1.0","type":"link"}