{"product_id":"drishti-ias-geography-optional-course-biogeography-environmental-geography-class-notes-english-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS Geography Optional Course, Biogeography \u0026 Environmental Geography, Class Notes, English Medium – English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDrishti IAS Geography – Biogeography \u0026amp; Environmental Geography | Optional Course\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComprehensive coverage of Biogeography and Environmental Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Geography Optional preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSoil Profile, Soil Genesis, Soil Classification and World Distribution of Major Soil Types\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes important topics such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSoil Erosion, Deforestation, Social Forestry and Wildlife\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWorld Distribution of Plants and Animals\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMajor Gene Pool Centres\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrinciples of Ecology and Human Ecological Adaptations\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplains the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInfluence of Humans on Ecology and Environment\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlobal and Regional Ecological Changes and Imbalances\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEcosystem Management, Conservation, Environmental Degradation and Biodiversity\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Policy, Environmental Hazards, Environmental Education and Legislation\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesigned as an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptional Course for Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book is titled\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeography – Biogeography \u0026amp; Environmental Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand is structured as part of the Optional Course for Civil Services Examination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this Book\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS Geography – Biogeography \u0026amp; Environmental Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis a focused study resource designed for aspirants preparing Geography as an Optional subject for the Civil Services Examination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book is divided into two major sections —\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiogeography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e. The Biogeography section covers soil, vegetation, wildlife and the distribution of living organisms, while the Environmental Geography section addresses ecological principles, human-environment interaction, biodiversity, environmental degradation, management and conservation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe soil-related portion begins with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esoil profile and soil genesis\u003c\/strong\u003e, explaining the structure of soil horizons, formation processes and the physical and biological factors involved in soil development.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Environmental Geography section further explains\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eecological systems, adaptation, interdependence, networks, cycles, flows, development and dynamic balance\u003c\/strong\u003e, helping learners build a conceptual understanding of how natural systems function and interact.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSoil Profile\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Horizons, characteristics and structure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGenesis of Soil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Soil-forming processes and factors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClassification of Soils\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWorld Distribution of Major Soil Types\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSoil Erosion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeforestation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSocial Forestry\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWildlife\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWorld Distribution of Plants\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWorld Distribution of Animals\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMajor Gene Pool Centres\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrinciples of Ecology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Ecological Adaptations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Influence on Ecology \u0026amp; Environment\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlobal \u0026amp; Regional Ecological Changes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEcosystem Management \u0026amp; Conservation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Degradation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiodiversity \u0026amp; Sustainable Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Policy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Hazards \u0026amp; Remedial Measures\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Education \u0026amp; Legislation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Biogeography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntroduction • Soil Profile • Genesis of Soil • Classification of Soils • World Distribution of Major Soil Types • Soil Erosion • Deforestation • Social Forestry • Wildlife • World Distribution of Plants • World Distribution of Animals • Major Gene Pool Centres\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe soil section explains a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esoil profile as a vertical section through different soil layers\u003c\/strong\u003e, with horizons differing in texture, colour, depth and chemical composition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt also discusses major horizons including\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eO, A, E, B and C horizons\u003c\/strong\u003e, with differences in organic matter, mineral content, leaching and parent material.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Environmental Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrinciples of Ecology • Human Ecological Adaptations • Influence of Man on Ecology and Environment • Global and Regional Ecological Changes and Imbalances • Ecosystem Management and Conservation • Environmental Degradation, Management and Conservation • Biodiversity and Sustainable Development • Environmental Policy • Environmental Hazards and Remedial Measures • Environmental Education and Legislation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe ecology section defines ecology as the study of how\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eliving organisms interact with one another and with their surroundings\u003c\/strong\u003e. It discusses ecological principles such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003especiation, diversity, habitat, adaptation and interdependence\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book also explains ecological systems through concepts including\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003enetworks, nested systems, cycles, flows, development and dynamic balance\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Ecological Adaptations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe section on human adaptation discusses how humans adjust to changing environmental conditions through\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebiological and cultural adaptation\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSuitable For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeography Optional • Civil Services Examination • UPSC Geography Optional • Biogeography • Environmental Geography • Ecology • Biodiversity • Environmental Management\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52638704697624,"sku":"GEOBEG","price":231.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_578f9965-1f81-49e9-8eeb-77a9752f66f4.jpg?v=1788939489","url":"https:\/\/shop.drishtipublications.com\/products\/drishti-ias-geography-optional-course-biogeography-environmental-geography-class-notes-english-medium","provider":"Drishti Publications","version":"1.0","type":"link"}