{"product_id":"drishti-ias-general-science-technology-class-notes-english-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS General Science \u0026 Technology Class Notes, English Medium – English Medium","description":"\u003ch1\u003eGeneral Science \u0026amp; Science and Technology – GS (P+M) Foundation Course\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComprehensive General Science \u0026amp; Science and Technology Coverage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edesigned for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Civil Services Examination – Prelims \u0026amp; Mains\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003epreparation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC GS Paper-III Syllabus-Oriented Content\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovering developments in Science \u0026amp; Technology, everyday applications, Indian achievements, indigenisation of technology, Space, IT, Biotechnology, Nanotechnology, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and related areas.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e16 structured chapters\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovering Biology, Biotechnology, Agriculture Technology, Chemistry, Physics, Space Technology, ICT, AI, Robotics, Defence Technology, Energy Technology, Nanotechnology and Science \u0026amp; Technology in India.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExtensive Biology \u0026amp; Biotechnology Coverage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eincluding living organisms, cytology, evolution, genetics, human body, diseases, recombinant DNA technology, GM crops, gene therapy, stem cells and Intellectual Property Rights.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Space Science \u0026amp; Technology Section\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovering astrophysics, satellites, ISRO, Indian launch vehicles, Chandrayaan, Aditya-L1, Gaganyaan, NISAR, SpaDeX and international space missions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEmerging Technologies Coverage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eincluding Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Blockchain, Quantum Computing, IoT, Cyber Security, 5G, Nanotechnology and Superconductivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Prelims \u0026amp; Mains Trend Analysis (2014–2025)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ehelps aspirants understand the examination relevance and historical weightage of Science \u0026amp; Technology.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDefence, Nuclear \u0026amp; Energy Technology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecoverage includes missiles, UAVs, defence manufacturing, nuclear energy, renewable energy, hydrogen fuel, electric mobility and India's energy policies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout This Book\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS General Science and Science \u0026amp; Technology – GS (P+M) Foundation Course\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis designed for aspirants preparing for the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e, with content aligned to the requirements of both\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrelims and Mains\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book systematically combines the fundamentals of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeneral Science—Biology, Chemistry and Physics—with contemporary Science \u0026amp; Technology topics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003erelevant to the UPSC examination. Its syllabus mapping specifically connects the chapters with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC GS Paper-III\u003c\/strong\u003e, including developments and applications of science and technology, achievements of Indians in S\u0026amp;T, indigenisation of technology, and awareness in IT, Space, Biotechnology, Nanotechnology, Robotics and Artificial Intelligence.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe coverage extends from foundational concepts such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecells, genetics, human physiology, matter, atomic structure, chemical bonding, motion, energy, gravitation, heat, sound, light and electricity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eto contemporary areas such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003espace missions, AI, cyber security, defence technology, nuclear technology, renewable energy and nanotechnology\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiology, Genetics \u0026amp; Biotechnology\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Biology section develops a strong foundation through topics such as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClassification of Living Organisms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlant Kingdom \u0026amp; Plant Morphology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotosynthesis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCytology \u0026amp; Cell Division\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEvolution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNutrition \u0026amp; Biomolecules\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGenetics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHuman Body Systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHuman Diseases\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGenetics and Biotechnology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003echapter covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMendel’s Laws, mutations, genetic disorders, DNA, transcription, translation and recombinant DNA technology\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Biotechnology portion further covers:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGMOs \u0026amp; GM Crops\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGene Therapy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunotherapy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStem Cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCloning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssisted Reproductive Technology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDNA Fingerprinting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHuman Genome Project\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCAR T-Cell Therapy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGenomic Surveillance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndustrial \u0026amp; Marine Biotechnology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTransgenic Organisms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBioinformatics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiosensors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntellectual Property Rights, WIPO \u0026amp; TRIPS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAgriculture Technology\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book includes a dedicated chapter on\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAgriculture Technology\u003c\/strong\u003e, covering the development of agricultural technology since the Green Revolution and modern innovations relevant to UPSC preparation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImportant topics include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrganic Farming\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBio-Fertilizers \u0026amp; Bio-Pesticides\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZero Budget Natural Farming\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeed Treatment \u0026amp; Storage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDrip Irrigation \u0026amp; Fertigation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVertical Farming\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrecision Agriculture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eICT in Agriculture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgri-Startups\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAI, IoT \u0026amp; Agri-Fintech\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFarm Automation \u0026amp; Robotics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDrones in Agriculture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSoil Testing \u0026amp; Digital Mapping\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCold Chain \u0026amp; Food Processing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClimate-Smart Agriculture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAtomic \u0026amp; Nuclear Technology\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book covers the fundamentals of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ematter, atoms, molecules, atomic models, isotopes, periodic classification and nuclear technology\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Nuclear Technology portion includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRadioactivity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNuclear Fission \u0026amp; Fusion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNuclear Reactors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia’s Three-Stage Nuclear Energy Programme\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNuclear Power Plants\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNuclear Safety\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNuclear Waste\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCERN \u0026amp; Large Hadron Collider\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeutrinos\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eITER\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCTBT\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNPT\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNuclear Suppliers Group\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMTCR\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAstrophysics \u0026amp; Space Technology\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Space Technology section covers both conceptual science and contemporary space developments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTopics include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCosmology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGalaxies \u0026amp; Nebulae\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGravitational Waves\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStellar Evolution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBlack Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDark Matter \u0026amp; Dark Energy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExoplanets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSolar System\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrbits \u0026amp; Satellites\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndian Launch Vehicles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eISRO\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndian Space Policy 2023\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrivate Sector in Space\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMajor missions and programmes covered include\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMangalyaan, Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3, Chandrayaan-4, LUPEX, SpaDeX, Aditya-L1, NISAR, Gaganyaan, Shukrayaan-1 and Bharatiya Antariksha Station\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eICT, Robotics \u0026amp; Artificial Intelligence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Information and Communication Technology section covers:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTelemedicine \u0026amp; Tele-education\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ee-Governance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantum Computers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupercomputers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCloud \u0026amp; Grid Computing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptical Fibre\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBharatNet\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWiFi, LiFi \u0026amp; NFC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInternet of Things\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeb 3.0\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCyber Security\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDigital Signatures\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiometrics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5G Technology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eData Localisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe dedicated\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRobotics and Artificial Intelligence\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eportion includes robot components and applications, AI categories and applications, AI governance, AI regulations, Artificial Intelligence in India and the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndiaAI Mission\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDefence Technology\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Defence Technology chapter covers important areas such as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndian Missile Systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIGMDP\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrithvi, Agni, Akash, Nag \u0026amp; Trishul\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBallistic Missile Defence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArtillery Systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAircraft \u0026amp; Helicopters\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUAVs \u0026amp; Drones\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRADAR Systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNaval Vessels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDefence Manufacturing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDefence Startups\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDefence Industrial Corridors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInternational Defence Agreements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndian Defence Exercises\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eEnergy \u0026amp; Nanotechnology\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Energy Technology section covers conventional and renewable sources, including\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecoal, petroleum, natural gas, shale gas, hydrogen fuel, solar, wind, geothermal and ocean energy\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt further covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003efuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, waste-to-energy, biomass, National Biofuel Policy, electric mobility, rural electrification and India’s energy policy\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNanotechnology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003echapter discusses nanomaterials, applications in energy, defence, electronics, medicine, agriculture and biotechnology, along with the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNano Mission and nanotechnology development in India\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eScience \u0026amp; Technology in Everyday Life\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book connects scientific concepts with practical applications through topics such as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDrugs \u0026amp; Antibiotics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eX-Ray, CT Scan \u0026amp; MRI\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePET Scan \u0026amp; Endoscopy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eELISA \u0026amp; RT-PCR\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChemicals in Food\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWater Purification\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDigital Storage Devices\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3D \u0026amp; 4D Printing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTelevision Technologies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMobile Telephony\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLaser Technology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuperconductivity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eGeneral Science: Chemistry \u0026amp; Physics\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeneral Science: Chemistry\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esection covers chemical bonding, acids, bases and salts, pH, metals and non-metals, carbon compounds and chemistry in everyday life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeneral Science: Physics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003echapter begins with Units \u0026amp; Measurement and extends across core physics concepts required for General Science preparation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e🇮🇳 Science \u0026amp; Technology in India\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe final chapter focuses on India's\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScience and Technology ecosystem and institutional framework\u003c\/strong\u003e, including:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDepartment of Atomic Energy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDepartment of Science \u0026amp; Technology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDepartment of Space\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDepartment of Scientific \u0026amp; Industrial Research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe section discusses India's institutional development in science and technology and the roles of organisations involved in research, innovation, nuclear technology and space development.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eUPSC Prelims \u0026amp; Mains Trend Analysis\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA dedicated\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC GS General Science \u0026amp; Science and Technology Trend Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eprovides examination trends from\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2014 to 2025\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor Mains, the analysis covers Science \u0026amp; Technology developments, applications, IT, Space, Robotics, intellectual property and achievements of Indians in science and technology. For Prelims, the book provides year-wise Science \u0026amp; Technology question counts alongside other GS areas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis makes it easier for aspirants to understand the historical importance of Science \u0026amp; Technology in both stages of the Civil Services Examination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIdeal For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuitable for aspirants preparing for:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Prelims\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Mains GS Paper-III\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeneral Studies Foundation Course\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCivil Services General Science\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScience \u0026amp; Technology for UPSC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOther competitive examinations requiring General Science \u0026amp; Science Technology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52625627119896,"sku":"GS_ST_ENG_","price":405.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_3.jpg?v=1788767902","url":"https:\/\/shop.drishtipublications.com\/products\/drishti-ias-general-science-technology-class-notes-english-medium","provider":"Drishti Publications","version":"1.0","type":"link"}