{"product_id":"drishti-ias-bhugol-paryavaran-aapda-prabandhan-class-notes-hindi-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS Bhugol, Paryavaran \u0026 Aapda Prabandhan Class Notes, Hindi Medium – Hindi Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDrishti IAS Bhugol, Paryavaran-Parishthitiki \u0026amp; Aapda Prabandhan Class Notes – Hindi Medium\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComprehensive coverage of Geography, Environment-Ecology and Disaster Management\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor IAS\/PCS preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhysical Geography, World Geography and Indian Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein a structured, topic-wise format\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes important concepts such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEarth’s origin, plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains, plateaus and plains\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAtmosphere, Weather, Climate, Cyclones, Jet Streams and Climatic Regions\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOceanography\u003c\/strong\u003e, including ocean-floor relief, temperature, salinity, tides, waves, ocean currents and coral reefs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳 Extensive coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e, including geology, physiography, drainage, climate, soil, vegetation, agriculture, resources, industries, transport and population\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDedicated section on\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironment \u0026amp; Ecology\u003c\/strong\u003e, including biodiversity, wildlife, pollution, climate change and sustainable development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes a separate section on\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisaster Management\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovering natural and human-induced disasters\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrelims and Mains-oriented practice questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewithin the notes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes are presented as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeography, Environment-Ecology and Disaster Management Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand are designed around the IAS\/PCS syllabus.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout these Class Notes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS Bhugol, Paryavaran-Parishthitiki tatha Aapda Prabandhan Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eare Hindi-medium study notes designed for aspirants preparing for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIAS, PCS and other Civil Services examinations\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe content is divided into three major sections —\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeography, Environment-Ecology and Disaster Management\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e— allowing students to prepare interconnected topics in a systematic manner. The Geography section begins with the origin and development of Geography and progresses through physical, climatic, oceanographic, regional and Indian Geography.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Indian Geography portion covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndia’s geological structure, physiographic regions and drainage systems, climate, soils and natural vegetation, agriculture, water, irrigation, animal husbandry, natural resources, industries, transport, population and urbanisation\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Environment-Ecology section covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eenvironment, biosphere and biomes, ecology and ecosystems, environmental adaptation, biodiversity, wildlife, environmental degradation, pollution, Environmental Impact Assessment, soil, climate change, renewable energy, sustainable development and international environmental organisations and conferences\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFundamentals of Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Origin and evolution of Geography, Universe, Solar System and origin of Earth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGeomorphology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Interior of Earth, rocks, continental drift, seafloor spreading, plate tectonics and geomagnetism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNatural Hazards\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Earthquakes, volcanoes and tsunamis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMajor Landforms\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Distribution of mountains, plateaus, plains and lakes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eClimatology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Atmosphere, weather, climate, heat budget, temperature, pressure, humidity and precipitation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAtmospheric Circulation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Cyclones, anticyclones, tornadoes, thunderstorms, jet streams and air masses\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOceanography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Ocean-floor relief, salinity, tides, waves, water masses, currents, coral reefs and marine deposits\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegional Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Regional geographical concepts and patterns\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Physiography, drainage, climate, soil, natural vegetation, agriculture and resources\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEconomic Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Industries, transport, population and urbanisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironment \u0026amp; Ecology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Biotic and abiotic components, ecosystems and human-environment relationships\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiodiversity \u0026amp; Wildlife\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Biodiversity, conservation and wildlife-related topics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Issues\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Pollution, environmental degradation and Environmental Impact Assessment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eClimate Change\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Climate variability, global warming, sea-level rise and related indicators\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRenewable Energy \u0026amp; Sustainable Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInternational Environmental Organisations \u0026amp; Conferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDisaster Management\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Geological, hydrological, weather-related and human-induced disasters\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSection I – Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Geography: Origin \u0026amp; Evolution\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Universe \u0026amp; Solar System\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Origin \u0026amp; Evolution of the Earth\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Motions of the Earth\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Latitude \u0026amp; Longitude\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Interior Structure of the Earth\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Geomorphic Processes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Rocks\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. Continental Drift, Seafloor Spreading \u0026amp; Geomagnetism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10. Plate Tectonics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11. Earthquakes, Volcanoes \u0026amp; Tsunami\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12. Mountains, Plateaus, Plains \u0026amp; Lakes of the World\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13. Atmosphere: Composition \u0026amp; Structure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14. Weather \u0026amp; Climate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15. Basic Concepts of Heat\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16. Insolation \u0026amp; Heat Budget\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17. Distribution \u0026amp; Inversion of Temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e18. Atmospheric Pressure \u0026amp; Circulation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19. Atmospheric Humidity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20. Types \u0026amp; Processes of Precipitation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e21. Cyclones \u0026amp; Anticyclones\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e22. Tornadoes, Thunderstorms and Other Atmospheric Phenomena\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e23. Jet Streams \u0026amp; Air Masses\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e24. Climatic Regions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e25. Ocean-Floor Relief\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e26. Ocean Temperature \u0026amp; Salinity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e27. Tides \u0026amp; Ocean Waves\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e28. Water Masses, Ocean Currents \u0026amp; Coral Reefs\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e29. Ocean Deposits\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30. Regional Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e31. India – General Introduction\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e32. Geological Structure of India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e33. Physiographic Regions \u0026amp; Drainage System of India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e34. Climate of India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e35. Soil \u0026amp; Natural Vegetation of India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e36. Agriculture, Water, Irrigation \u0026amp; Animal Husbandry\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e37. Major Natural Resources of India \u0026amp; the World and Their Distribution\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e38. Industries\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e39. Transport\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e40. Population, Urbanisation \u0026amp; Related Issues\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSection II – Environment \u0026amp; Ecology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Environment\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Biosphere \u0026amp; Biomes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Ecology \u0026amp; Ecosystem\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Environmental Adaptation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Biodiversity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Wildlife\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Environmental Degradation, Pollution \u0026amp; Environmental Impact Assessment\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Soil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. Climate Change\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10. Renewable Energy \u0026amp; Sustainable Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11. International Environmental Organisations \u0026amp; Conferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12. Important Environmental Terminologies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSection III – Disaster Management\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Disaster Management\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– including natural and human-induced hazards and their classification.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eExam-Oriented Practice\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes also incorporate\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epractice questions for Preliminary and Main examinations\u003c\/strong\u003e, helping aspirants revise concepts and apply them in an examination-oriented format. 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