{"product_id":"drishti-ias-basic-numeracy-class-notes-english-medium-for-upsc-pcs","title":"DRISHTI IAS Basic Numeracy Class Notes, English Medium, for UPSC, PCS – English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDRISHTI IAS Basic Numeracy – GS (P+M) Foundation Course | For Civil Services Examination\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComprehensive coverage of Basic Numeracy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Civil Services Examination preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber System \u0026amp; Simplification\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efrom basic concepts to number types and calculations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eH.C.F. \u0026amp; L.C.M.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith factorisation and division methods\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAverage \u0026amp; Percentage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith formulas, shortcuts and application-based questions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProfit \u0026amp; Loss\u003c\/strong\u003e, Cost Price, Selling Price, Marked Price and Discount\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRatio, Proportion \u0026amp; Mixture\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSimple Interest \u0026amp; Compound Interest\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed section on\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTime \u0026amp; Work\u003c\/strong\u003e, Efficiency and Work \u0026amp; Wages\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTime, Distance \u0026amp; Speed\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith Average Speed and motion-based concepts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFundamentals of Algebra\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand Linear Equations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSeries\u003c\/strong\u003e, Arithmetic Progression and Geometric Progression\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSet Theory\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePermutation \u0026amp; Combination\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProbability\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMensuration\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHeight \u0026amp; Distance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith basic Trigonometry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesigned as part of a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGS (P+M) Foundation Course\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Civil Services Examination\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe uploaded PDF is titled\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBasic Numeracy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand is presented as part of a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGS (P+M) Foundation Course for Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this Book\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS Basic Numeracy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis a structured quantitative aptitude resource designed for aspirants preparing for the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCivil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e, especially for developing core numerical and calculation-based skills.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15 major chapters\u003c\/strong\u003e, starting with Number System \u0026amp; Simplification and progressing through H.C.F. \u0026amp; L.C.M., Average, Percentage, Profit \u0026amp; Loss, Ratio \u0026amp; Proportion, Mixture, Interest, Time \u0026amp; Work, Time-Speed-Distance, Algebra, Series, Set Theory, Permutation \u0026amp; Combination, Probability, Mensuration, and Height \u0026amp; Distance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe material combines\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econcept explanations, formulas, examples and calculation techniques\u003c\/strong\u003e, making it useful for learners who want to strengthen their basics and improve speed and accuracy in numerical questions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber System\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSimplification\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNatural, Whole, Even, Odd \u0026amp; Prime Numbers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntegers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eH.C.F.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL.C.M.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAverage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePercentage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProfit \u0026amp; Loss\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMarked Price \u0026amp; Discount\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRatio\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProportion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMixture\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSimple Interest\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompound Interest\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTime \u0026amp; Work\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWork Efficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWork \u0026amp; Wages\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTime, Distance \u0026amp; Speed\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAverage Speed\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLinear Equations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArithmetic Progression\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeometric Progression\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSet Theory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePermutation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCombination\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProbability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMensuration\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTriangles\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArea, Perimeter \u0026amp; Volume\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrigonometry\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHeight \u0026amp; Distance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAngle of Elevation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAngle of Depression\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Number System \u0026amp; Simplification\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book begins with the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDecimal Number System\u003c\/strong\u003e, face value, positional value and different types of numbers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt covers:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNatural Numbers • Whole Numbers • Even Numbers • Odd Numbers • Integers • Prime Numbers\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe chapter builds the numerical foundation required for later arithmetic topics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. H.C.F. \u0026amp; L.C.M.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book explains the concept of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHighest Common Factor (H.C.F.)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand methods for finding it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethods covered include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrime Factorisation Method • Factorisation Method • Division Method\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese methods are demonstrated with numerical examples for faster calculation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Average\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAverage is explained as the value obtained by dividing the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esum of observations by the total number of observations\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe chapter includes practical results related to:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCombined Average • Change in Average • Successive Natural Numbers • Even Numbers • Odd Numbers\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Percentage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe chapter defines percentage as a value expressed\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eper hundred\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand explains percentage increase, decrease and conversions between fractions and percentages.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt also covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSuccessive Percentage Change\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand shortcuts for reducing lengthy calculations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Profit \u0026amp; Loss\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book covers:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost Price • Selling Price • Profit • Loss • Marked Price • Discount • Profit Percentage • Loss Percentage\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt also provides techniques for choosing useful assumed values to simplify Profit \u0026amp; Loss questions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Ratio \u0026amp; Proportion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe section explains Ratio as a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecomparison between two quantitative amounts\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand Proportion as equality between two ratios.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean Proportion • Third Proportion • Fourth Proportion • Direct Proportion • Inverse Proportion\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Mixture\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Mixture chapter explains how two or more items of different values can be combined in a particular ratio.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book includes the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRule of Mixture \/ Alligation-style approach\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor determining the ratio of cheaper and costlier items and also covers repeated replacement-type questions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Simple \u0026amp; Compound Interest\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book distinguishes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSimple Interest – Interest calculated only on the principal\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompound Interest – Interest calculated on principal plus accumulated interest\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt includes formulas and examples for yearly and half-yearly interest calculations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. Time \u0026amp; Work\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDF specifically describes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTime \u0026amp; Work as an important chapter from the CSAT point of view\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand emphasises conceptual clarity and practice.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe core relationship is:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWork = Rate of Work × Time\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe chapter also covers:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMultiple People Working Together • Work Efficiency • Work \u0026amp; Wages\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10. Time, Distance \u0026amp; Speed\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book covers the fundamental relationship between\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDistance, Speed and Time\u003c\/strong\u003e, along with motion and average speed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe text also notes that these concepts are useful for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edirection analysis and motion-related graphs in reasoning\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11. Fundamentals of Algebra\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe chapter begins with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLinear Equations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand explains one-variable and two-variable equations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt also covers different cases of equation pairs and three solving methods:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElimination Method • Substitution Method • Cross-Multiplication Method\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12. Series\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book introduces Series as sequences following a specific rule.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArithmetic Progression (AP) • nth Term • Sum of AP • Geometric Progression (GP)\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13. Set Theory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Set Theory section defines a set as a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ewell-defined collection of objects\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand introduces basic notation and representation methods.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt covers:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRoster Method • Set-Builder Method • Null\/Empty Set • Standard Number Sets\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14. Permutation \u0026amp; Combination\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe chapter begins with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFactorials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand then introduces Permutations as different arrangements of objects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt includes formulas and solved examples related to arranging selected objects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15. Probability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProbability begins with the distinction between:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeterminative Experiments • Random Experiments\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt covers:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample Space • Event • Simple Event • Complex Event • Mutually Exclusive Events\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16. Mensuration\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book explains:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArea • Perimeter • Volume • Two-Dimensional Figures • Triangle Measurement\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe triangle section includes basic area formulas and\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHeron’s Formula\u003c\/strong\u003e, as well as area using two sides and the included angle.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17. Height \u0026amp; Distance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe final section uses basic\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrigonometry\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eto understand relationships between sides and angles and to calculate heights and distances.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe chapter specifically covers:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAngle of Elevation • Angle of Depression • Line of Sight • Height-Distance Applications\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSuitable For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC CSAT • Civil Services Examination • Basic Numeracy • Quantitative Aptitude • GS Foundation Course • CSAT Maths • Number System • Percentage • Ratio • Time \u0026amp; Work • Time Speed Distance • Algebra • Probability • Mensuration\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52682942021912,"sku":"CNBSNM","price":231.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_43781a9e-9470-4f19-a27e-9674b0ab77ed.jpg?v=1789456471","url":"https:\/\/shop.drishtipublications.com\/products\/drishti-ias-basic-numeracy-class-notes-english-medium-for-upsc-pcs","provider":"Drishti Publications","version":"1.0","type":"link"}