{"title":"OPTIONAL CLASS NOTES ENGLISH","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"drishti-ias-anthropology-part-i-optional-course-for-civil-services-exam","title":"DRISHTI IAS Anthropology Part-I Optional Course for Civil Services Exam – English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDRISHTI IAS Anthropology (Part-I) Optional Course | For Civil Services Examination\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAnthropology Part-I Optional Course\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edesigned for aspirants preparing Anthropology as an optional subject for the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCivil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDedicated Part-I volume\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor structured Anthropology Optional preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuitable for aspirants seeking focused study material for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Civil Services Anthropology Optional\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePublished under the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebrand for competitive examination preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesigned as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptional Course material\u003c\/strong\u003e, helping candidates organise their Anthropology preparation in a subject-wise format.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClearly marked as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnthropology (Part-I)\u003c\/strong\u003e, making it suitable as the first volume in a multi-part Anthropology Optional study series.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout This Book\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDRISHTI IAS Anthropology (Part-I) Optional Course\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis study material intended for aspirants preparing\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnthropology as an optional subject for the Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book is presented as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePart-I of the Anthropology Optional Course\u003c\/strong\u003e, providing candidates with a dedicated resource for organising their optional-subject preparation. 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It can be used by aspirants seeking organised\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnthropology Optional study material for UPSC and Civil Services preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe focused course format helps candidates maintain a subject-wise preparation strategy and follow Anthropology Optional in a progressive, volume-based manner.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWho Is This Book For?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUPSC Civil Services aspirants\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnthropology Optional candidates\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudents preparing Anthropology for competitive examinations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAspirants looking for structured Anthropology course material\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCandidates continuing their Anthropology preparation after Part-I\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Product Highlights\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSubject:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eAnthropology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePart:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ePart-II\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCourse Type:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eOptional Course\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExam:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCivil Services Examination\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBrand:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eDrishti\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePreparation Type:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eAnthropology Optional Study Material\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhy Choose DRISHTI IAS Anthropology Part-II?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnthropology Part-II Optional Course\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eserves as a dedicated continuation resource for candidates preparing Anthropology Optional. 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The book progresses from fundamental concepts such as culture and society to major anthropological institutions including marriage, family and kinship.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe content further extends into\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEconomic Anthropology, Political Anthropology, Religion, and Culture, Language \u0026amp; Communication\u003c\/strong\u003e, providing focused coverage of several core areas relevant to Anthropology Optional preparation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConcepts are supported by definitions, anthropological perspectives, scholars, theoretical discussions and examples. For instance, the section on culture discusses its characteristics, structure, cultural patterns, ethnocentrism, cultural materialism and cultural processes, while the society section covers social institutions, groups, stratification and mobility.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book also integrates\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e, including questions from UPSC examinations on themes such as Social and Cultural Anthropology, marriage regulations, globalization and indigenous economies, kinship, political systems, religion, social stratification and linguistic anthropology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThe Nature of Culture\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Concept of Culture, characteristics, attributes, cultural structure, cultural patterns, ethnocentrism, cultural materialism, culture area and cultural processes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThe Nature of Society\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Society, social institutions, social groups, social stratification and social mobility\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMarriage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Definitions, universality, rules of marriage, marriage payments, preferential marriage, functions and case studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Definition, universality, approaches to family, types of families, impact of urbanization and industrialization, feminist movements and domestic groups\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eKinship\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Descent, consanguinity, affinity, kinship terminology, filiation, kinship behaviour and matriarchal kin systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEconomic Anthropology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Scope, formalist-substantivist debate, production, distribution, exchange, hunting-gathering, pastoralism, horticulture, agriculture and globalization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePolitical Anthropology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Political systems, social control, power, authority, legitimacy, law, justice and court systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReligion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Anthropological approaches, sacred and profane, witchcraft, sorcery, shamanism, myths, rituals, magic and science\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCulture, Language \u0026amp; Communication\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Linguistic Anthropology, origin of language, verbal and non-verbal communication, endangered languages and sociolinguistics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese themes correspond directly to the book’s chapter structure and contents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. The Nature of Culture – Unit 2.1\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConcept of Culture • Characteristic Features of Culture • Attributes of Culture • Culture Structure • Cultural Pattern • Ethnocentrism and Cultural Materialism • Culture Area • Different Levels of Culture • Cultural Processes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. The Nature of Society – Unit 2.2\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConcept of Society • Social Institution • Social Groups • Social Stratification • Social Mobility\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Marriage – Unit 2.3\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDefinitions and Universality of Marriage • Kathleen Gough’s Study on Marriage Among Nayars of Kerala • Rules of Marriage • Marriage Payments • Preferential Marriage • Means of Acquiring Brides in Different Tribes of India • Functions of Marriage • Same-Sex Marriage and Marital Rights\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Family – Unit 2.4\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDefinition and Universality • Perspectives to Study Family • Functions of Family • Types of Families • Impact of Urbanization and Industrialization • Feminist Movements and Impact on Family • Family, Household and Domestic Groups\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Kinship – Unit 2.5\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConcept and Definition of Kinship • Consanguinity and Affinity • Principles and Types of Descent • Phratry and Moiety • Kinship Terminology • Theoretical Development of Kinship • Filiation • Kinship Behaviour • Northern and Southern Kinship Zones • Matriarchal Kin System in India\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Economic Anthropology – Unit 3\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMeaning, Scope and Relevance • Economics vs Economic Anthropology • Phases of Economic Anthropology • Formalist and Substantivist Debate • Reciprocity and Redistribution • Production • Hunting-Gathering • Fishing • Shifting Cultivation • Pastoral Economy • Horticulture • Agriculture • Market Exchange • Globalization and Indigenous Economic Systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Political Anthropology – Unit 4\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolitical Organization and Social Control • Anthropology of Political Systems • Types of Political Organization • Power, Authority and Legitimacy • Law and Justice • Court Systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Religion – Unit 5\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConcept of Religion • Anthropological Approaches • Sacred and Profane • Witchcraft, Sorcery and Shaman • Myths and Rituals • Magic, Religion and Science • Elements of Religion\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. Culture, Language and Communication – Unit 7\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLinguistic Anthropology • Nature and Significance of Language • Origin of Languages • Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication • Endangered Languages • Language and Culture • Sociolinguistics • Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52634006618392,"sku":"OPANTH3","price":289.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_1_761e9961-134b-472d-b3f4-305c5f4505b0.jpg?v=1788845361"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-anthropology-part-iv-optional-course-english-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS Anthropology Part-IV Optional Course, English Medium – English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDrishti IAS Anthropology Part-IV – Archaeology, Primatology \u0026amp; Human Fossils\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFocused coverage of Archaeology, Primatology and Human Fossils\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Civil Services Anthropology Optional preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers major\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrehistoric Cultures\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eincluding Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Megalithic and Indus Valley Civilization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplains important\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelative and Absolute Dating Techniques\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eused in prehistoric archaeology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimatology\u003c\/strong\u003e, primate evolution, taxonomy, behaviour and comparative anatomy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiological and Cultural Factors in Human Evolution\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes major\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Fossils\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esuch as Australopithecus, Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus, Neanderthals, Rhodesian Man, Cromagnon, Grimaldi and Chancelade\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor exam-oriented preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book is structured around key Anthropology Optional syllabus areas including\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArchaeology, Primatology and Human Fossils\u003c\/strong\u003e, with dedicated coverage of concepts, evolutionary stages and previous-year questions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this Book\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS Anthropology Part-IV\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptional Course book for the Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e, designed to provide structured coverage of important areas of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArchaeology, Primatology and Human Evolution\u003c\/strong\u003e. The book begins with archaeological chronology and prehistoric cultures, progresses to primate evolution and behaviour, and then covers major human fossil forms and their phylogenetic significance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Archaeology section covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edating techniques, Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic cultures, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Megalithic cultures, Indus Valley Civilization and Ethnoarchaeology\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Primatology section includes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOld World and New World Primates, Australopithecines, Tertiary and Quaternary fossil primates, living major primates, comparative anatomy of man and apes, and biological and cultural factors in human evolution\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Human Fossils section provides focused coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAustralopithecus, Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus, Neanderthals, Rhodesian Man, Cromagnon, Grimaldi and Chancelade\u003c\/strong\u003e, followed by Previous Years’ Questions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eArchaeology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Dating Techniques, Prehistoric Cultures, Indus Valley Civilization and Ethnoarchaeology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDating Methods\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Relative Dating, Absolute Dating, Stratigraphy, Radiocarbon Dating, Potassium-Argon Dating, Thermoluminescence, Dendrochronology and other techniques\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrehistoric Cultures\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Megalithic cultures\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrimatology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Scientific study of primates, evolutionary trends, primate taxonomy, adaptations, behaviour and social organization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLiving Major Primates\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Gorilla, Chimpanzee, Orangutan, Gibbon and Bonobo\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComparative Anatomy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Comparative study of man and apes and skeletal changes associated with erect posture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Evolution\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Biological and cultural factors involved in human evolution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Fossils\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Australopithecus, Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus, Neanderthals and other important fossil forms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Questions on archaeology, fossil primates, prehistoric cultures, human evolution and fossil hominins\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Primatology section specifically addresses characteristics of primates, evolutionary trends, primate adaptations, behaviour, fossil primates and comparative anatomy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Archaeology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDating Techniques • Lower Palaeolithic Culture • Middle Palaeolithic Culture • Upper Palaeolithic Culture • Mesolithic Culture • Neolithic Culture • Chalcolithic Culture • Megalithic Cultures • Indus Valley Civilization • Ethnoarchaeology\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Primatology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePrimatology • Old World and New World Primates • Australopithecines • Primates • Tertiary and Quaternary Fossil Primates • Gorilla • Chimpanzee • Orangutan • Gibbon • Bonobo • Comparative Anatomy of Man and Apes • Biological Factors in Human Evolution • Cultural Factors in Human Evolution\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Human Fossils\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAustralopithecus • Homo Habilis • Homo Erectus • Neanderthals • Rhodesian Man • Cromagnon • Grimaldi • Chancelade • Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eExam-Oriented Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book includes previous-year questions on topics such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIron Age, Australopithecus, Palaeolithic environment, Mesolithic sites, Rakhigarhi, Indus Valley Civilization, Ramapithecus-Sivapithecus debate, fossil primates, Neanderthals, Homo Erectus and Thermoluminescence dating\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52634154926360,"sku":"DP23018","price":231.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_593ab7d7-25ec-46f0-90d9-d6ae85553106.jpg?v=1788849373"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-anthropology-part-v-optional-course-class-notes-english-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS Anthropology Part-V Optional Course, Class Notes, English Medium – English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDrishti IAS Anthropology Part-V – Tribal Anthropology\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComprehensive coverage of Tribal Anthropology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Civil Services Anthropology Optional preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etribal situation in India\u003c\/strong\u003e, including demography, geographical distribution and classifications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplains major\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eproblems of tribal communities\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esuch as land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, education, health and unemployment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edevelopment projects and their impact on tribals\u003c\/strong\u003e, including displacement, industrialisation, urbanisation and globalisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econstitutional and legal safeguards\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003erelated to Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes and OBCs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplains\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esocial change, ethnicity, tribalism, regionalism and autonomy\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etribal administration, policies, plans and development programmes\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor exam-oriented Anthropology Optional preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book is structured across major Tribal Anthropology themes such as tribal demography, social problems, development, constitutional safeguards, social change, ethnicity, nation-state relations, tribal administration and the role of anthropology in development.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this Book\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS Anthropology Part-V – Tribal Anthropology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptional Course book for the Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e, designed to provide systematic coverage of key issues related to tribal communities in India. It addresses the distribution and classification of tribes, their socio-economic conditions, development challenges, constitutional safeguards, cultural change and administrative policies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe opening section covers the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etribal situation in India\u003c\/strong\u003e, including phases of tribal studies, demographic and geographical distribution, classification of Indian tribal populations, linguistic and economic classifications, levels of integration and tribal religions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book also examines major issues such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eland alienation, poverty and indebtedness, shifting cultivation, tribal education and literacy, health and nutritional status, unemployment and underemployment\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA dedicated section discusses\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edevelopmental projects and their impact on tribals\u003c\/strong\u003e, covering forests, displacement, industrialisation, urbanisation, globalisation, social forestry, detribalisation, forest policy and legislative safeguards concerning land acquisition and rehabilitation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTribal Situation in India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Tribal studies, demography, distribution, classification and religion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProblems of Tribal Communities\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, shifting cultivation, education, health and unemployment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDevelopment \u0026amp; Displacement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Forest relations, development projects, industrialisation, urbanisation, globalisation and rehabilitation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSC, ST \u0026amp; OBC Issues\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Exploitation, deprivation, social mobility and constitutional\/legal safeguards\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSocial Change in Tribal Societies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Hinduization, Sanskritization, Westernization, modernization, multiculturalism and globalization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEthnicity \u0026amp; Tribalism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Ethnic identity, tribal unrest, regionalism, autonomy and social change\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReligion \u0026amp; Tribal Societies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTribe and Nation State\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Tribe, nationalism and relations between tribes and the nation-state\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTribal Administration \u0026amp; Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Tribal Panchasheel, Tribal Sub-Plan, PVTGs, NGOs, Scheduled Areas and Tribal Research Institutes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRole of Anthropology in Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Tribal and rural development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion, Ethnicity \u0026amp; Regionalism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Contribution of Anthropology to understanding different ideologies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese themes reflect the chapter structure provided in the book’s contents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Tribal Situation in India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction • Phases of Tribal Studies • Demography and Distribution of Tribes in India • Geographical Distribution • Classification of Indian Population • Linguistic Classification • Economic Classification • Levels of Integration • Religion of Tribes in India\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Problems of the Tribal Communities\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLand Alienation • Poverty and Indebtedness • Shifting Cultivation • Tribal Education and Literacy • Health \u0026amp; Nutritional Status • Unemployment and Underemployment\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Developmental Projects and their Impact on Tribals\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTribes and Forests • Displacement • Tribal Situation Before and After Independence • Industrialisation • Urbanisation • Globalisation • Social Forestry • Detribalisation • Forest Policy • Joint Forest Management • Legislative Safeguards\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Problems of Exploitation and Deprivation of SCs, STs and OBCs\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eScheduled Castes • Social Mobility • Ambedkar and Gandhi on Caste • Constitutional Safeguards • Scheduled Tribes – Constitutional and Legal Safeguards • Kalelkar Commission • Mandal Commission • Welfare Measures for OBCs\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Social Change and Contemporary Tribal Societies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHinduization and Sanskritization • Westernization and Modernization • Multiculturalism and Globalisation • Impact of Modern Democratic Institutions • Welfare Measures\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. The Concept of Ethnicity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEthnicity • Tribal Unrest • Regionalism • Demand for Autonomy • Tribalism • Social Change during Colonial and Post-Independence Period\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam on Tribal Societies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Tribe and Nation State\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTribe as a Nation • Nation-State • Nationalism • Tribes and Nation State • India and its Tribal Population\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. History of Administration of Tribal Areas, Policies, Plans \u0026amp; Programmes for Tribal Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTribal Panchasheel • Post-Independence Policies • Tribal Sub-Plan • Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups • NGOs • Development Programmes • Tribal Research Institutes • De-Notified Tribes • Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10. Role of Anthropology in Tribal and Rural Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11. Contribution of Anthropology to the Understanding of Different Ideologies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNotion of Region • Ethnicity and Regionalism among Indian Tribals • Communalism • Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eExam-Oriented Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book includes previous-year questions on topics such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eG.S. 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Anthropology\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComprehensive coverage of Indian Anthropology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Civil Services Anthropology Optional preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edemographic profile of India\u003c\/strong\u003e, including ethnic and linguistic elements, population structure, growth and population policies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplains the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etraditional Indian social system\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ethrough Varna, Ashrama, Purushartha, Rina, Karma and Rebirth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaste System in India\u003c\/strong\u003e, including Varna, Jati, Jajmani System, origin theories, dominant caste and Tribe–Caste Continuum\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSacred Complex and Nature-Man-Spirit (NMS) Complex\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eimpact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity on Indian society and culture\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiscusses\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003elinguistic and religious minorities\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand their social, political and economic status\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplains\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSanskritization, Westernization, Modernization and other socio-cultural change processes\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor exam-oriented Anthropology Optional preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book is structured around core Indian Anthropology themes including population, traditional social institutions, caste, religion, minorities and socio-cultural change.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this Book\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS Anthropology Part-VI – Indian Anthropology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptional Course book for the Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e, designed to provide systematic coverage of major themes related to Indian society and culture from an anthropological perspective.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book begins with the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDemographic Profile of India\u003c\/strong\u003e, covering methods used to understand Indian society and culture, ethnic and linguistic elements of the population, factors influencing population structure and growth, population policies, the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNational Population Policy 2000\u003c\/strong\u003e, and the role of Anthropology in population management.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt further examines the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003estructure and nature of the traditional Indian social system\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ethrough concepts such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVarna, Ashrama, Purushartha, Rina, Karma and Rebirth\u003c\/strong\u003e, followed by an extensive treatment of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaste System in India\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe later sections cover\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSacred Complex, NMS Complex, religious influences on Indian society, minority communities, Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization, Panchayati Raj, media and social change\u003c\/strong\u003e, making the book useful for a broad and integrated understanding of Indian Anthropology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDemographic Profile of India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Ethnic elements, linguistic elements, population structure, growth and policies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMethods of Studying Indian Society\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Anthropological approaches used to understand Indian society and culture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTraditional Indian Social System\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Varna, Ashrama, Purushartha, Rinas, Karma and Rebirth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCaste System in India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Definitions, structure, Varna, Jati, Jajmani System, origin theories and dominant caste\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTribe–Caste Continuum\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Relationship and transition between tribal and caste structures\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSacred Complex \u0026amp; NMS Complex\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Important anthropological concepts associated with L. P. Vidyarthi\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReligious Influence on Indian Society\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLinguistic \u0026amp; Religious Minorities\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Social, political and economic status, problems and welfare measures\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSocio-Cultural Change\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Social mobility, Sanskritization, Westernization and Modernization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChicago School of Anthropology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Contribution to the study of Indian society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePanchayati Raj \u0026amp; Social Change\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedia and Social Change\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book specifically discusses socio-cultural change through\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSanskritization, Westernization and Modernization\u003c\/strong\u003e, along with social mobility and other institutional forces of change.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Demographic Profile of India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction • Methods Used to Understand Indian Society and Culture • Ethnic (Racial) Elements in the Indian Population and Their Distribution • Linguistic Elements in the Indian Population and Their Distribution • Indian Population Factors • Structure and Growth • Population Policies in India • National Population Policy (NPP), 2000 • Role of Anthropology in Population Management\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. The Structure and Nature of Traditional Indian Social System\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction • Varna System • Ashrama System • Purushartha System • Rinas • Doctrine of Karma • Rebirth (Punarjanm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Caste System in India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction • Scholarly Definitions of Caste • Characteristics and Structure of Caste System • Varna, Jati and Caste • Jajmani System • Theories of Origin of Caste System • Dominant Caste • Future of Caste System • Tribe–Caste Continuum\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Sacred Complex and Nature-Man-Spirit (NMS) Complex\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSacred Complex • Nature-Man-Spirit Complex\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity on Indian Society\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eImpact of Buddhism • Impact of Jainism • Impact of Islam • Impact of Christianity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Linguistic and Religious Minorities and Their Social, Political and Economic Status\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReligious Minority Groups • Christian Community • Buddhist Community • Sikh Community • Jain Community • Parsi Community • Common Problems of Minorities • Welfare Measures • Linguistic Minorities\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Indigenous and Exogenous Processes of Socio-Cultural Change\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSocio-Cultural Change • Social Mobility • Sanskritization • Westernization • Modernization • Contribution of Chicago School of Anthropology • Panchayati Raj and Social Change • Media and Social Change • Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eExam-Oriented Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book includes previous-year questions on topics such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurushartha and Ashrama, Jajmani System, religious pluralism, Jainism, Sanskritization, classification of Indian populations, caste mobility, Karma and Rebirth, linguistic minorities, Westernization, Modernization, Indian anthropology scholars and caste system\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52634470613272,"sku":"DP23020","price":289.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_89157d53-fca9-436e-ac92-04e45a8c7a12.jpg?v=1788851892"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-geography-optional-course-set-of-8-books-class-notes-english-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS Geography Optional Course Set of 8 Books, Class Notes, English Medium – English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDrishti IAS Geography Optional Course – Set of 8 Books | English Medium | UPSC Civil Services\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSet of 8 Geography Optional study books\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edeveloped for aspirants preparing for the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers major areas of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhysical Geography, Human Geography and Geography of India\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeomorphology, Climatology, Oceanography, Biogeography and Environmental Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Geography, Economic Geography, Population Geography, Regional Planning and Settlement Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDedicated coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Physiography, Resources, Agriculture, Industries, Transport, Trade, Political Geography and contemporary geographical issues\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes important\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003egeographical models, theories and laws\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esuch as demographic models, Central Place theories and location models\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein multiple sections for exam-oriented revision and understanding of UPSC question trends\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStructured around major areas prescribed under\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeography Optional Paper I – Principles of Geography and Paper II – Geography of India\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuitable for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econcept building, topic-wise study, revision and Geography Optional Mains answer-writing preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this Geography Optional Course\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDrishti IAS presents the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeography Optional Course – Set of 8 Books\u003c\/strong\u003e, a structured study resource for aspirants who have selected\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeography as an optional subject for the UPSC Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe set covers the physical, human and Indian dimensions of Geography through separate subject-focused books. Topics range from the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eorigin and evolution of the Earth, plate tectonics, landforms, atmosphere and climate, oceans, soils and ecosystems\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eto\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ehuman geographical thought, economic geography, population, regional development, settlement patterns and Indian geography\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe course broadly corresponds with the major areas of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Geography Optional Paper I and Paper II\u003c\/strong\u003e, including Physical Geography, Human Geography, Regional Planning, Population \u0026amp; Settlement Geography and Geography of India.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBooks Included in the Set\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Geography – Geomorphology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis volume focuses on landform development and the processes responsible for shaping the Earth's surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMajor topics include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrigin \u0026amp; Evolution of the Earth’s Crust\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStructure \u0026amp; Composition of the Earth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContinental Drift Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWegener’s Continental Drift\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlate Tectonics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSea-Floor Spreading\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePaleomagnetism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMountain Building\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVolcanism, Earthquakes \u0026amp; Tsunamis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEndogenetic \u0026amp; Exogenetic Forces\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeosynclines\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeomagnetism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChannel Morphology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeomorphic Cycles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDavis \u0026amp; Penck Models\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlacial, Karst, Arid \u0026amp; Marine Landforms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSlope Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIsostasy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDenudation Chronology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eErosion Surfaces\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PYQ section includes UPSC questions on topics such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eplate tectonics, palaeomagnetism, peneplains, channel morphology, slope development, earthquakes and geomorphic cycles\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Geography – Climatology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Climatology volume provides detailed coverage of atmospheric processes, weather and climatic systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt covers areas such as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTemperature \u0026amp; Pressure Belts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeat Budget of the Earth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtmospheric Circulation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtmospheric Stability \u0026amp; Instability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlanetary \u0026amp; Local Winds\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonsoons\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJet Streams\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAir Masses \u0026amp; Fronts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFrontogenesis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCyclones \u0026amp; Anticyclones\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTropical Cyclones\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThunderstorms \u0026amp; Tornadoes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrecipitation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeather \u0026amp; Climate\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClassification of World Climates\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHydrological Cycle\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlobal Climatic Change\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApplied Climatology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUrban Climate\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes also cover different climatic types including\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEquatorial, Tropical Monsoon, Savanna, Hot Desert, Mediterranean, Subtropical Humid, Steppe, West European and Tundra climates\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Geography Optional Part-II – Oceanography, Models, Theories \u0026amp; Laws\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis book combines\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOceanography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith important geographical models and theories.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eOceanography\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBottom Topography of Pacific, Atlantic \u0026amp; Indian Oceans\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOcean Temperature \u0026amp; Salinity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeat \u0026amp; Salt Budget\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWater Masses\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSea-Level Changes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWaves\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTides\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOcean Currents\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOcean Deposits\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarine Resources\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarine Biological \u0026amp; Mineral Resources\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNon-Conventional Marine Energy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaritime Zones\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCoral Reefs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCoral Bleaching\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eModels, Theories \u0026amp; Laws in Human Geography\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geography Optional syllabus represented in the material includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSystem Analysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMalthusian Model\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarxian Theory of Population\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDemographic Transition Model\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCentral Place Theories\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChristaller \u0026amp; Losch\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerroux \u0026amp; Boudeville\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVon Thunen’s Agricultural Location Model\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeber’s Industrial Location Model\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStages of Growth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeartland \u0026amp; Rimland Theories\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInternational Boundaries \u0026amp; Frontiers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Geography – Biogeography \u0026amp; Environmental Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis volume integrates the geography of living organisms with ecology and environmental processes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eBiogeography\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSoil Profile\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGenesis of Soil\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClassification of Soils\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorld Distribution of Major Soil Types\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSoil Erosion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeforestation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Forestry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWildlife\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorld Distribution of Plants\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorld Distribution of Animals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMajor Gene Pool Centres\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eEnvironmental Geography\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrinciples of Ecology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHuman Ecological Adaptations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHuman Influence on Environment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlobal \u0026amp; Regional Ecological Changes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEcosystems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEcosystem Management \u0026amp; Conservation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnvironmental Degradation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiodiversity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSustainable Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnvironmental Policy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnvironmental Hazards\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnvironmental Education \u0026amp; Legislation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Perspectives in Human Geography \u0026amp; Economic Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis book covers important schools of geographical thought along with global economic geography.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003ePerspectives in Human Geography\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEvolution of Geographical Thought\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAreal Differentiation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRegional Synthesis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDichotomy \u0026amp; Dualism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnvironmentalism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative Revolution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLocational Analysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBehaviouralism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHumanistic Approach\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRadical Approach\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWelfare Approach\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLanguages, Religions \u0026amp; Secularization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCultural Regions of the World\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHuman Development Index\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eEconomic Geography\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorld Economic Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorld Resources \u0026amp; Distribution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnergy Crisis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLimits to Growth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorld Agricultural Regions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgricultural Inputs \u0026amp; Productivity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFood \u0026amp; Nutrition Problems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFood Security\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamine\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorld Industries\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePatterns of World Trade\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Regional Planning \u0026amp; Population Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis volume covers regional development as well as demographic and population geography.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eRegional Planning\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConcept of a Region\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMethods of Regionalisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRegional Imbalances\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRegional Development Strategies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnvironmental Issues in Regional Planning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSustainable Development Planning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRegional Planning in India\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFive Year Plans\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrated Rural Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMulti-Level Planning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommand Area Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWatershed Management\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBackward Area Planning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHill Area Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDrought-Prone \u0026amp; Desert Area Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTribal Area Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIsland Territory Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003ePopulation Geography\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowth \u0026amp; Distribution of World Population\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSex Ratio\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAge Structure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLife Expectancy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDependency Ratio\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiteracy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorkforce\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMigration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePopulation Problems \u0026amp; Policies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptimum, Over \u0026amp; Under Population\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuality of Life\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePopulation as Social Capital\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHealth Indicators\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCultural Setting \u0026amp; Diversity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book also contains\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e, including questions on migration, demographic transition, fertility, demographic dividend, urban expansion and population-related issues.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Indian Physiography \u0026amp; Settlement Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis book combines the physical setting of India with the geography of human settlements.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eIndian Physiography\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpace Relationship of India\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStructure \u0026amp; Relief\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDrainage Systems \u0026amp; Watersheds\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHimalayan Drainage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePeninsular Drainage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhysiographic Regions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndian Monsoon\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRainfall Patterns\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTropical Cyclones\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWestern Disturbances\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFloods \u0026amp; Droughts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClimatic Regions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNatural Vegetation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSoil Types\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLand \u0026amp; Water Resources\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnergy Resources\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMineral Resources\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eForest, Wildlife \u0026amp; Marine Resources\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eSettlement Geography\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRural Settlements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUrban Settlements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUrban Morphology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMorphology of Indian Cities\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrimate City\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRank-Size Rule\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFunctional Classification of Towns\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSphere of Urban Influence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRural-Urban Fringe\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSatellite Towns\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConurbations \u0026amp; Metropolitan Regions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUrban Sprawl\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSlums\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTown Planning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUrbanisation Problems \u0026amp; Remedies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSustainable Cities\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Indian Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Indian Geography volume focuses on the economic, infrastructural, political and contemporary dimensions of India's geography.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eAgriculture\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgricultural Infrastructure \u0026amp; Inputs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCropping Pattern\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgricultural Productivity \u0026amp; Intensity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCrop Combination\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLand Capability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGreen Revolution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDry Farming\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLivestock\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWhite Revolution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAquaculture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSericulture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApiculture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePoultry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgro-Climatic Zones\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgro-Ecological Regions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eIndustry\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCotton, Jute, Iron \u0026amp; Steel\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAluminium\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFertilizer\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePaper\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePharmaceutical\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAutomobile \u0026amp; Sugar Industries\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndustrial Regions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNew Industrial Policy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMultinationals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiberalisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecial Economic Zones\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTourism \u0026amp; Ecotourism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eTransport, Communication \u0026amp; Trade\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRoads\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRailways\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePipelines\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAirways\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWaterways \u0026amp; Ports\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrade \u0026amp; Trade Balance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrade Policy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExport Processing Zones\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInformation \u0026amp; Communication Technology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndian Space Programme\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003ePolitical \u0026amp; Contemporary Geography\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeographical Basis of Indian Federalism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eState Reorganisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRegional Consciousness \u0026amp; Inter-State Issues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInternational Boundaries\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCross-Border Terrorism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia’s Role in World Affairs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeopolitics of South Asia \u0026amp; Indian Ocean\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnvironmental Impact Assessment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlobalisation \u0026amp; Indian Economy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEpidemics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgrarian \u0026amp; Industrial Unrest\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhy This 8-Book Geography Optional Set is Useful\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe set brings together the major components of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeography Optional Paper I and Paper II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein a subject-wise format, allowing aspirants to study Physical, Human and Indian Geography systematically.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is particularly useful for:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Geography Optional Preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeography Optional Paper I\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeography Optional Paper II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhysical Geography Concept Building\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman \u0026amp; Economic Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModels, Theories \u0026amp; Geographical Thought\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironment \u0026amp; Biogeography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegional \u0026amp; Population Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSettlement Geography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Mains Answer-Writing Preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Year Question Practice\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTopic-Wise Revision\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSuitable For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Civil Services Examination | IAS Geography Optional | Geography Optional Paper I | Geography Optional Paper II | UPSC CSE Mains | Civil Services Geography Optional | English Medium Aspirants\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52638689165592,"sku":"CN007","price":3600.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_3_5ac7a98d-6ee1-446a-8ebc-52ab4d7e2356.jpg?v=1788936596"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-philosophy-optional-course-set-of-4-books-class-notes-english-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS Philosophy Optional Course Set of 4 Books, Class Notes, English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDrishti IAS Philosophy Optional Course – Set of 4 Books | English Medium | UPSC Civil Services\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSet of 4 Philosophy Optional books\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovering\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Philosophy, Western Philosophy, Socio-Political Philosophy and Philosophy of Religion\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesigned for aspirants preparing for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Civil Services Examination with Philosophy as an Optional Subject\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers major\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ephilosophical schools, thinkers, concepts, arguments, theories and critical perspectives\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳 Detailed treatment of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCarvaka, Jainism, Buddhism, Nyaya-Vaishesika, Sankhya, Yoga, Mimansa, Vedanta and Sri Aurobindo\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers major Western thinkers and traditions including\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlato, Aristotle, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Kant, Hegel, Moore, Russell, Wittgenstein, Husserl, Kierkegaard, Sartre, Heidegger, Quine and Strawson\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDedicated coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEquality, Justice, Liberty, Sovereignty, State, Rights, Democracy, Marxism, Socialism, Humanism, Secularism, Gender and Caste\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes detailed study of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGod, Soul, Evil, Religious Experience, Faith, Revelation, Morality, Religious Pluralism and Religious Language\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuitable for systematic study of major themes relevant to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhilosophy Optional Paper I and Paper II\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUseful for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econcept building, philosophical comparison, critical analysis, revision and UPSC Mains answer-writing preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this Philosophy Optional Course\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDrishti IAS presents the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhilosophy Optional Course – Set of 4 Books\u003c\/strong\u003e, a structured study resource developed for aspirants preparing for the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith Philosophy as their optional subject.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe set brings together four major areas of philosophical study:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Philosophy, Western Philosophy, Socio-Political Philosophy and Philosophy of Religion\u003c\/strong\u003e. The books cover philosophical systems, thinkers and concepts through a topic-wise approach, helping aspirants understand the development of philosophical ideas as well as the debates surrounding knowledge, reality, morality, society, religion, liberty and human existence.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe material moves from classical Indian and Western philosophical traditions to modern and contemporary philosophical issues, making the set useful for both\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etheoretical understanding and analytical preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBooks Included in the Set\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Indian Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Indian Philosophy volume covers major orthodox and heterodox schools along with important epistemological and metaphysical debates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMajor topics include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCarvaka\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJainism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnekantavada\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSyadvada \u0026amp; Sapta-Bhangi-Naya\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBondage \u0026amp; Liberation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSchools of Buddhism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNairatmyavada \/ Anattavada\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBodhisattva\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNyaya-Vaishesika\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheory of Pramanas\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf, God \u0026amp; Causation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCategories or Padarthas\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtomistic Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSankhya\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSatkaryavada\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePurusa \u0026amp; Prakriti\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiberation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYoga Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCitta, Cittavrtti, Klesas, Samadhi \u0026amp; Kaivalya\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMimansa\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEpistemology, Metaphysics, Self, God \u0026amp; Liberation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVedanta\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShankaracharya’s Advaita\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaya \u0026amp; Adhyasa\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRamanuja \u0026amp; Madhva\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheory of Validity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheory of Error\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSri Aurobindo\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInvolution \u0026amp; Evolution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegral Yoga\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book also discusses major theories of error such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSatkhyati, Akhyati, Anyathakhyati, Atmakhyati, Asatkhyati and Anirvacaniyakhyati\u003c\/strong\u003e, followed by Sri Aurobindo’s philosophical ideas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Western Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Western Philosophy book provides extensive coverage of classical, modern and contemporary Western philosophical traditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eClassical Philosophy\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlato\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheory of Ideas \/ Forms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalogy of the Cave\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAristotle\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubstance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMetaphysics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGod\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eRationalism\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDescartes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheory of Ideas\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMind-Body Dualism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpinoza\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeometrical Method\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeterminism \u0026amp; Freedom\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLeibniz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonads\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePre-Established Harmony\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eEmpiricism\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLocke\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRefutation of Innate Ideas\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBerkeley\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRefutation of Materialism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHume\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCausation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProblem of Induction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhenomenalism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eModern \u0026amp; Contemporary Philosophy\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmanuel Kant\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCritical Philosophy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCopernican Revolution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpace \u0026amp; Time\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCategories\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTranscendental Idealism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHegel\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eG.E. Moore\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBertrand Russell\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEarly Wittgenstein\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLogical Positivism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLater Wittgenstein\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhenomenology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHusserl\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExistentialism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKierkegaard\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSartre\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeidegger\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuine\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStrawson\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book also examines major philosophical transitions such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRationalism versus Empiricism\u003c\/strong\u003e, Analytical Philosophy and Existentialism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Socio-Political Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis volume focuses on major philosophical questions related to society, state, politics, justice, rights and social change.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eSocial \u0026amp; Political Ideals\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEquality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJustice\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiberty\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEquality vs Equity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eModern Theories of Justice\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAmartya Sen’s approach to Justice\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBerlin, Hobbes, J.S. Mill \u0026amp; Laski on Liberty\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eState \u0026amp; Political Authority\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSovereignty\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBodin\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAustin’s Theory of Sovereignty\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLaski\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKautilya\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSovereignty \u0026amp; Globalisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndividual and State\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRights\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDuties\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAccountability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eForms of Government\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonarchy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheocracy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDemocracy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTypes \u0026amp; Ideals of Democracy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003ePolitical Ideologies \u0026amp; Social Issues\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnarchism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarxism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocialism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHumanism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSecularism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGandhi \u0026amp; Nehru on Secularism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMulticulturalism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCrime \u0026amp; Punishment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorruption\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMass Violence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGenocide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCapital Punishment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDevelopment \u0026amp; Social Progress\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender Discrimination\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFeminism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWomen Empowerment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCaste Discrimination\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGandhi \u0026amp; Ambedkar\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4. Philosophy of Religion\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Philosophy of Religion volume examines religious concepts through a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erational, logical, comprehensive, evaluative and neutral philosophical approach\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003erather than treating them purely as matters of faith.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMajor topics include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntroduction to Philosophy of Religion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligion \u0026amp; Dharma\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligion, Theology \u0026amp; Religious Philosophy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotion of God\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttributes of God\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGod’s Relation to Man \u0026amp; the World\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndian \u0026amp; Western concepts of God\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheories of Creation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProofs for the Existence of God\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCosmological Arguments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTeleological Arguments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMoral Arguments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligious Experience-based Arguments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProblem of Evil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSoul\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmortality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRebirth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiberation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligious Knowledge\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReason\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFaith\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRevelation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligious Experience\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMysticism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligion without God\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtheism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHumanism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConfucianism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligion \u0026amp; Morality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligious Pluralism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbsolute Truth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligious Language\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book also compares different positions on the relationship between\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ereligion and morality\u003c\/strong\u003e, including whether morality depends on religion, is independent of religion, or whether the two are interdependent.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhy This Philosophy Optional Set is Useful\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis 4-book course brings together the principal areas required for a systematic study of Philosophy Optional. It allows aspirants to understand philosophers not merely as isolated thinkers but through their arguments, counter-arguments and relationships with broader philosophical traditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eThe set is particularly useful for:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUPSC Philosophy Optional Preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndian Philosophy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWestern Philosophy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocio-Political Philosophy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhilosophy of Religion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEpistemology \u0026amp; Metaphysics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCritical and Analytical Answer Writing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComparative Study of Philosophers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThinker-wise \u0026amp; Topic-wise Revision\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUPSC Mains Philosophy Preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSuitable For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUPSC Civil Services Examination | IAS Philosophy Optional | Philosophy Optional Paper I | Philosophy Optional Paper II | UPSC CSE Mains | Civil Services Philosophy Optional | English Medium Aspirants\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52638823088408,"sku":"CN009","price":1600.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_6.jpg?v=1788945951"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-philosophy-optional-course-indian-philosophy-class-notes-english-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS Philosophy Optional Course, Indian Philosophy, Class Notes, English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDRISHTI IAS Philosophy – Indian Philosophy | Optional Course for Civil Services Examination\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComprehensive coverage of Indian Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Philosophy Optional preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers major\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eorthodox and heterodox schools of Indian philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCarvaka, Jainism and Schools of Buddhism\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNyaya-Vaishesika\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith Pramanas, Self, God, Causation and Categories\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSankhya Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith Purusa, Prakriti, Satkaryavada and Liberation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYoga Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e, including Citta, Cittavrtti, Klesas, Samadhi and Kaivalya\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMimansa School\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith Epistemology, Metaphysics, Self, God and Liberation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVedanta\u003c\/strong\u003e, including Advaita, Visistadvaita and Dvaita traditions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTheory of Validity and Theory of Error\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein Indian epistemology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSri Aurobindo’s philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e, Integral Yoga and concept of evolution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesigned as an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptional Course for Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book is titled\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhilosophy – Indian Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand is structured as an Optional Course for Civil Services Examination preparation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this Book\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS Philosophy – Indian Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis a focused study resource designed for aspirants preparing Philosophy as an Optional subject for the Civil Services Examination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book systematically covers major traditions of Indian philosophical thought, beginning with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCarvaka, Jainism and Buddhism\u003c\/strong\u003e, followed by the classical systems of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNyaya-Vaishesika, Sankhya, Yoga, Mimansa and Vedanta\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt also includes dedicated coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian epistemology\u003c\/strong\u003e, particularly the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTheory of Validity (Pramanyavada) and Theory of Error\u003c\/strong\u003e, along with the philosophical contribution of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSri Aurobindo\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis structure helps aspirants study Indian Philosophy through key themes such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emetaphysics, epistemology, ethics, causation, liberation, soul, reality and valid knowledge\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCarvaka \/ Lokayata Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJainism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnekantavada\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSyadvada \u0026amp; Sapta-Bhangi-Naya\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBondage \u0026amp; Liberation in Jainism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSchools of Buddhism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNairatmyavada \/ Anattavada\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBodhisattva\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNyaya Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTheory of Pramanas\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelf \/ Soul\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGod in Nyaya\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTheory of Causation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVaishesika \u0026amp; Padartha Theory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAtomistic Theory of Creation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSankhya Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSatkaryavada\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurusa \u0026amp; Purusa-Bahutva\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLiberation \/ Moksa\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSankhya Epistemology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYoga Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCitta \u0026amp; Cittavrtti\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKlesas\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSamadhi \u0026amp; Kaivalya\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMimansa\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMimansa Epistemology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVedanta\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvaita Vedanta\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVisistadvaita\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDvaita Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaya \u0026amp; Adhyasa\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTheory of Validity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTheory of Error\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSri Aurobindo\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInvolution \u0026amp; Evolution\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntegral Yoga\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Carvaka\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book presents\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCarvaka, also known as Lokayata or Barhaspatya\u003c\/strong\u003e, as an ancient materialist school of Indian philosophy. It discusses its materialistic, atheistic and perception-oriented approach to knowledge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Jainism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntroduction • Major Features • Metaphysics • Substance (Dravya) • Anekantavada • Jaina Epistemology • Syadvada • Sapta-Bhangi-Naya • Bondage and Liberation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Jainism section covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erealism, pluralism, Jiva-Ajiva distinction and Anekantavada\u003c\/strong\u003e, along with epistemological and metaphysical concepts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Schools of Buddhism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntroduction • Nairatmyavada \/ Anattavada • Schools of Buddhism • Bodhisattva\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe section introduces the philosophical foundation of Buddhism through the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFour Noble Truths, suffering, dependent causation and the path to Nirvana\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Nyaya-Vaishesika\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTheory of Pramanas • Upamana • Self\/Soul • God • Theory of Causation • Vaishesika • Categories (Padartha) • Atomistic Theory of Creation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book describes Nyaya as a system of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003elogical realism\u003c\/strong\u003e, emphasizing correct reasoning, valid knowledge, epistemology and liberation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Sankhya\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTheory of Causation – Satkaryavada • Forms of Satkaryavada • Purusa • Purusa-Bahutva • Liberation • Epistemology\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Sankhya section explains its dualism between\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurusa and Prakriti\u003c\/strong\u003e, plurality of selves and the causal doctrine of Satkaryavada.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Yoga Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCitta • Cittavrtti • Klesas • Samadhi • Kaivalya\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book discusses Patanjali’s Yoga as a practical discipline concerned with controlling the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebody, senses and mind\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand attaining Kaivalya.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Mimansa School\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntroduction • Theory of Knowledge • Schools of Mimansa • Metaphysics • Nature of Self • God and Liberation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Mimansa section covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJaimini, Vedic testimony, Shabda, Karma, Apurva, Prabhakara and Kumarila Bhatta\u003c\/strong\u003e, together with epistemological and metaphysical themes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Vedanta\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntroduction • Shankaracharya’s Advaitavada • Maya • Adhyasa • Theory of Causation • Isvara • Self • Bondage and Liberation • Madhvacarya • Dvaitavada • Comparison of Shankara, Ramanuja and Madhva\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book explains key Vedanta schools including\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvaita, Visistadvaita and Dvaita\u003c\/strong\u003e, especially their differing views on the relationship between\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJiva and Brahman\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. Theory of Validity \u0026amp; Theory of Error\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePramanyavada • Epistemology in Indian Philosophy • Nyaya • Mimansa • Buddhism • Sankhya • Satkhyati • Akhyati • Anyathakhyati • Atmakhyati • Asatkhyati • Anirvacaniyakhyati\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe section discusses Indian epistemology through\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003evalid knowledge, invalid knowledge, sources of knowledge and theories explaining error\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10. Aurobindo\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntroduction • Concept of Mind \u0026amp; Different Stages • Involution \u0026amp; Evolution • Integral Yoga • Patanjali Yoga vs Aurobindo’s Integral Yoga • Philosophy \u0026amp; Spiritual Vision\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSri Aurobindo’s section covers his philosophy of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003espiritual evolution, Integral Yoga, Supermind and divine life on earth\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSuitable For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhilosophy Optional • UPSC Philosophy Optional • Civil Services Examination • Indian Philosophy • Indian Epistemology • Vedanta • Buddhism • Jainism • Nyaya • Sankhya • Yoga • Mimansa\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52642126627096,"sku":"OCPH","price":231.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_6d8ac2eb-33f1-4e20-b69c-7ee6248f83ef.jpg?v=1789018786"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-psychology-optional-course-class-notes-set-of-3-for-upsc-civil-services-examination","title":"DRISHTI IAS Psychology Optional Course Class Notes Set of 3, for UPSC Civil Services Examination – English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDRISHTI\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIAS Psychology Optional Course – Set of 3 Books | English Medium | For Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComplete 3-Book Psychology Optional Course Set\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Civil Services Examination\u003cbr\u003eStructured coverage of core, cognitive, abnormal, social and applied areas of Psychology\u003cbr\u003eCovers major concepts including Personality, Learning, Memory, Perception, Intelligence, Motivation and Emotion\u003cbr\u003eDedicated coverage of Social Psychology, Gender, Attitude, Values, Prejudice and Social Integration\u003cbr\u003eDetailed treatment of Abnormal Psychology, Mental Disorders and Therapeutic Approaches\u003cbr\u003eIncludes important psychological theories, approaches, researchers and conceptual frameworks\u003cbr\u003eDesigned to support systematic preparation of Psychology as an Optional subject\u003cbr\u003eEnglish Medium study material from Drishti Publications\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe three books together cover topics ranging from the foundations of psychology and personality theories to learning, memory, intelligence, abnormal psychology, social behaviour, motivation, emotion and communication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbout this Psychology Optional Course\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDRISHTI\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIAS Psychology Optional Course is a comprehensive\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eset of three books\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edeveloped for aspirants preparing Psychology for the Civil Services Examination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe course begins with the foundations and historical development of Psychology before moving into important theoretical and applied areas. It explains Psychology as the scientific study of mental processes and behaviour and introduces the development of psychology as a distinct scientific discipline along with major schools and approaches.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcross the three volumes, learners are introduced to key psychological constructs such as personality, learning, memory, sensation, attention, perception, intelligence, aptitude, thinking, problem solving, motivation, emotion, attitudes, values, prejudice, gender and communication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe material also covers abnormal behaviour, personality disorders, mental health and therapeutic approaches, thereby bringing together fundamental, cognitive, social and applied dimensions of Psychology. Book-II, for instance, specifically covers mental disorders, anxiety disorders, phobias, panic disorders, mood disorders, intelligence and aptitude, thinking and problem solving, and therapeutic approaches.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe content is arranged topic-wise so that aspirants can progressively develop conceptual understanding and connect important theories, approaches and psychological processes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePsychology Book-I – Foundations, Personality \u0026amp; Cognitive Processes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBook-I builds the foundation of Psychology and focuses extensively on important areas of general and cognitive psychology. Its major sections include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Introduction\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeaning and scope of Psychology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHistorical development of Psychology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePsychology as a science\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMajor schools and approaches in Psychology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe introductory section explains Psychology as the scientific study of mental processes and behaviour and traces the subject from its philosophical origins to its emergence as an experimental science.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Personality\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConcept and Definition of Personality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApproaches and Theories of Personality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePsychoanalytical Approach\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDevelopment of Super Ego\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntra-Psychic Struggle\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLevels of Consciousness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFreud's Psychoanalytical Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeo-Freudians\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdler's Individual Psychology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInteractionist Approach to Personality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHarry Stack Sullivan's Interpersonal Approach\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBehaviouristic Approach to Personality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDevelopment of Self-Concept\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFunctional Autonomy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePropium\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrait and Type Approach\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrait Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeasurement of Personality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Learning\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConcepts and Theories of Learning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBehaviourist, Gestaltist and Information Processing approaches\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClassical and Operant Conditioning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExtinction, Discrimination and Generalization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReinforcement and Schedules of Reinforcement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEscape, Avoidance and Punishment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eModelling and Social Learning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlbert Bandura's Social Learning Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProgrammed Learning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Instructional Learning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePiaget's Theory of Cognitive Development and Learning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInsight Learning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProbability Learning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Learning section includes behaviourist and cognitive perspectives and examines how behaviour changes through practice, experience and environmental stimulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Memory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApproaches to the Study of Memory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInformation Processing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmediate, Short-Term and Long-Term Memory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEncoding, Storage and Retrieval\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNetworking Model\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpreading Activation Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEpisodic Memory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEncoding and Storage in Long-Term Memory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLevels of Processing Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Reference Effect\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eForgetting and Theories of Forgetting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecay or Disuse Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsolidation Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRetrograde Amnesia\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEncoding Specificity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePsychoanalytical Theory of Forgetting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe material discusses memory through concepts such as encoding, storage and retrieval and distinguishes immediate, short-term and long-term memory systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Sensation, Attention \u0026amp; Perception\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelective Attention\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFocused Visual Attention\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDepth Perception\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerceptual Organisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrganising the Perceptual World\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eObject Perception\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerceptual Constancies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVigilance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt also discusses selective attention and related experimental approaches, including the problem of attending to one message while competing stimuli are present.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePsychology Book-II – Abnormal, Contemporary \u0026amp; Cognitive Psychology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBook-II moves into abnormal psychology, consciousness, intelligence, problem solving and psychological therapies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Abnormal Psychology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMental Disorders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePersonality Disorders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCausal Factors in Personality Disorders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiological, Psychological and Socio-Cultural Factors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTreatments and Outcomes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnxiety Disorders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhobias\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePanic Disorders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePost-Traumatic Stress and Catastrophic Events\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMood Disorders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuicide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMental Health\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe section examines abnormal behaviour through statistical, socio-cultural and psychological perspectives and discusses biological, psychological and socio-cultural causal factors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Contemporary Issues in Psychology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsciousness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNormal Waking Consciousness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntrospection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStream of Consciousness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubconscious Mental Activity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSleep and Dreaming\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeditation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHypnosis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAltered States of Consciousness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSimulation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDendral\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe material explores consciousness and discusses the transition from early introspective methods to newer approaches to studying conscious experience.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Intelligence \u0026amp; Aptitude\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntelligence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApproaches to Intelligence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheories of Intelligence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmotional Intelligence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntelligence Testing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnvironmental Influences on Intelligence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe text discusses multiple approaches to defining and studying intelligence, including theoretical and empirical perspectives.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Thinking \u0026amp; Problem Solving\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePiaget's Theory of Cognitive Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCognitive Structure and Cognitive Functioning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConcept Formation Processes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInformation Processing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReasoning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProblem Solving\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFacilitating and Hindering Factors in Problem Solving\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMethods of Problem Solving\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCreative Thinking\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFostering Creativity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecision Making and Judgement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecent Trends\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese topics are explicitly outlined in the Thinking and Problem Solving section of Book-II.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Therapeutic Approaches\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePsychodynamic Therapy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBehavioural Therapy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTherapy for Interpersonal Relationships\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMental Health\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePositive Health\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWell-Being\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStress\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePsychology Book-III – Social Psychology, Motivation \u0026amp; Communication\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBook-III focuses on social and motivational aspects of human behaviour along with gender psychology, attitudes and communication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Attitude, Values \u0026amp; Interest\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComponents of Attitudes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCognitive Component\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAffective Component\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBehavioural Component\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrganisation of Attitudes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndividual Social Behaviour\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCognitive Dissonance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFactors Influencing Dissonance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePersuasion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttitude Change\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eValues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFunctions of Attitudes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe text explains attitudes through cognitive, affective and behavioural components and examines how attitudes are formed, maintained and changed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Social Integration \u0026amp; Prejudice\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Integration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNational and International Integration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Behaviour\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrejudice\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCultural and Social Influences\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIssues affecting Social Integration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe section defines social integration both as a process and as a goal involving administrative, political and emotional integration within society.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Psychology of Gender\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDevelopment of Sex-Typed Behaviour\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender Identity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender Stability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender Consistency\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Learning Perspectives\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCognitive Development Perspective\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEvidence relating to Gender Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender Discrimination\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBook-III includes the development of sex-typed behaviour and gender discrimination as dedicated areas of study.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Motivation \u0026amp; Emotion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMotivation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLewin's Field Theory of Motivation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMotives\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeasurement of Human Motives\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmotion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCharacteristics of Emotions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCognitive Theories\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLimitations of Cognitive Theories\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Language \u0026amp; Communication\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLanguage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLinguistic Structures\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheories of Language Acquisition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNoam Chomsky\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBilingualism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProperties of Language\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommunication\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Language and Communication section examines language as a system of sounds and symbols and discusses properties such as displacement, productivity, reflectiveness and learnability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Areas Covered Across the 3-Book Set\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFoundations \u0026amp; History of Psychology\u003cbr\u003eSchools and Approaches of Psychology\u003cbr\u003ePersonality \u0026amp; Personality Theories\u003cbr\u003ePsychoanalytical and Behavioural Approaches\u003cbr\u003eLearning \u0026amp; Conditioning\u003cbr\u003eSocial Learning\u003cbr\u003eMemory \u0026amp; Forgetting\u003cbr\u003eSensation, Attention \u0026amp; Perception\u003cbr\u003eAbnormal Psychology\u003cbr\u003eMental Disorders \u0026amp; Mental Health\u003cbr\u003eConsciousness \u0026amp; Contemporary Issues\u003cbr\u003eIntelligence \u0026amp; Aptitude\u003cbr\u003eEmotional Intelligence\u003cbr\u003eThinking \u0026amp; Problem Solving\u003cbr\u003eCreativity \u0026amp; Decision Making\u003cbr\u003eTherapeutic Approaches\u003cbr\u003eAttitude, Values \u0026amp; Interest\u003cbr\u003eSocial Integration \u0026amp; Prejudice\u003cbr\u003ePsychology of Gender\u003cbr\u003eMotivation \u0026amp; Emotion\u003cbr\u003eLanguage \u0026amp; Communication\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDesigned for Psychology Optional Preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe three-volume structure brings together a wide range of psychological concepts, theories, processes and applications in one coordinated course. The books progress from the basic foundations of Psychology to cognitive, abnormal and social psychology, helping aspirants study the subject in an organised manner.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBook-I primarily covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction, Personality, Learning, Memory, and Sensation, Attention \u0026amp; Perception\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBook-II covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbnormal Psychology, Contemporary Issues in Psychology, Intelligence \u0026amp; Aptitude, Thinking \u0026amp; Problem Solving, and Therapeutic Approaches\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBook-III covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAttitude, Values \u0026amp; Interest, Social Integration \u0026amp; Prejudice, Psychology of Gender, Motivation \u0026amp; Emotion, and Language \u0026amp; Communication\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTogether, these books provide structured study material for aspirants opting for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePsychology in the Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e, with extensive coverage of fundamental theories as well as cognitive, social and applied dimensions of the discipline.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52678077415704,"sku":"CN010","price":1200.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_6311eda9-bf7d-4fe5-bcd7-0a51be3cc89a.jpg?v=1789373500"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-sociology-optional-course-class-notes-combo-set-of-2-books-paper-i-paper-ii-english-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS Sociology Optional Course Class Notes, Combo Set of 2 Books Paper I \u0026 Paper II English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSociology Optional Course – Paper I \u0026amp; Paper II | Civil Services Examination\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComplete 2-book Sociology Optional Course\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovering\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePaper I and Paper II\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesigned for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCivil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eSociology Optional preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePaper I\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovers the discipline of Sociology, sociological theory, research methodology, major thinkers, stratification, politics, religion, kinship, social change and economic life\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes major sociological thinkers such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKarl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Talcott Parsons, R.K. Merton and G.H. Mead\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003escientific method, positivism, qualitative and quantitative research, data collection, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePaper II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efocuses on\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Society\u003c\/strong\u003e, its structure, institutions and processes of social transformation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erural social structure, caste, tribal communities, social classes, kinship and religion in India\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eindustrialization, urbanisation, rural transformation, development planning and social change\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esocial movements, politics and society, population dynamics and challenges of social transformation\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStructured around the Sociology Optional syllabus for focused Civil Services preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 dir=\"auto\"\u003eAbout this Course\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSociology Optional Course\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eby\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti Publications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis a two-part study resource for aspirants preparing Sociology as an optional subject for the Civil Services Examination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePaper I\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebuilds the theoretical and methodological foundation of Sociology. It begins with the emergence and scope of the discipline and progresses through Sociology as science, research methods, classical and modern sociological thinkers, social stratification, politics, religion, kinship, social change, and work and economic life. The volume is organised into\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10 major chapters\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePaper II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eapplies sociological perspectives to Indian society. It covers the impact of colonialism, rural and agrarian structures, caste and tribal communities, social classes, kinship, religion, development, industrialization, urbanisation, politics, social movements, population and contemporary social challenges. The volume contains\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14 major chapters\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovering Indian society and social transformation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTogether, the two books provide structured coverage of both\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esociological concepts and theories\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand their application to the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003estudy of Indian society\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 dir=\"auto\"\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePaper I\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSociology – The Discipline\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSociology as Science\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eResearch Methods \u0026amp; Analysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSociological Thinkers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Stratification\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolitics and Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligion and Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSystems of Kinship\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Change in Modern Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWork and Economic Life\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePaper II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerspectives on the Study of Indian Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImpact of Colonial Rule on Indian Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRural Social Structure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCaste System\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTribal Community of India\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Classes in India\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSystems of Kinship in India\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligion and Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVisions of Social Change in India\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndustrialization and Urbanisation in India\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolitics and Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Movements in Modern India\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePopulation Dynamics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChallenges of Social Transformation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52697189581080,"sku":"CN014","price":800.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_9e62e2cd-5e65-434f-9859-0ef82b5d7c99.jpg?v=1789640958"}],"url":"https:\/\/shop.drishtipublications.com\/collections\/optional-class-notes-english\/newly-launched.oembed","provider":"Drishti Publications","version":"1.0","type":"link"}