{"title":"Class notes","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"drishti-ias-class-notes-cultural-history-of-india-gs-prelims-mains-foundation-course-for-upsc-civil-services-examination-paperback-dec-02-2025-drishti-publications","title":"DRISHTI IAS Class Notes Cultural History of India, GS Prelims + Mains Foundation Course, For UPSC Civil Services Examination Drishti Publications – English Medium","description":"\u003cp\u003eDRISHTI IAS Class Notes Cultural History of India, GS Prelims + Mains Foundation Course, For UPSC Civil Services Examination [Paperback] [Dec 02, 2025] Drishti Publications is designed to support students and aspirants in their exam preparation. It presents the syllabus in a structured and easy-to-understand manner, with clear explanations, important concepts, and practice questions to build confidence. The content is organised for quick revision, self-study and classroom use, helping learners strengthen fundamentals and improve their overall performance.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51332922442008,"sku":"CHOI(ENG)","price":318.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/710jteBsR9L.jpg?v=1765456572"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-law-books-mercantile-law-judiciary-preparation-class-notes-for-civil-judge-apo-ada-law-entrance-exams-updated-edition-prelims-mains-paperback-bunko-nov-11-2025-drishti-publications","title":"DRISHTI IAS Law Books, Mercantile Law, Judiciary Preparation, Class Notes for Civil Judge, APO, ADA, Law Entrance Exams, Updated Edition, Prelims + Mains – English Medium","description":"\u003ch1\u003eMercantile Law – Class Notes for Judiciary Exams | English Medium\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDrishti Judiciary’s\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMercantile Law Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eare designed for aspirants preparing for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJudiciary Exams, Judicial Services Examinations, Civil Judge Exams and State Judiciary Exams\u003c\/strong\u003e. The book provides structured coverage of seven major commercial and civil law statutes:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe Indian Contract Act, 1872; Specific Relief Act, 1963; Sale of Goods Act, 1930; Indian Partnership Act, 1932; Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008; Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881; and Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Features\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComprehensive Mercantile Law Coverage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCovers seven important Acts relevant to Judiciary and Judicial Services preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Contract Act, 1872:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCovers offer, acceptance, consideration, capacity to contract, free consent, legality of object, void agreements, performance and discharge, breach of contract, quasi-contracts, indemnity, guarantee, agency, bailment and pledge.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecific Relief Act, 1963:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIncludes recovery of possession, specific performance, rectification, rescission, cancellation, declaratory decrees and injunctions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSale of Goods Act, 1930:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCovers fundamentals, formation of contract, conditions and warranties, transfer of property, transfer of title by non-owners, performance and remedies for breach.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Partnership Act, 1932:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIncludes partners, their mutual rights and duties, relationship with third parties, reconstitution, outgoing partners, registration and dissolution of firms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimited Liability Partnership Act, 2008:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCovers incorporation, partners and designated partners, partner relations, liability, investigation, winding up and distinction between Partnership, LLP and Company.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNegotiable Instruments Act, 1881:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIncludes types of negotiable instruments, holder and holder in due course, negotiation, discharge, liability of parties, banker-customer relationship and dishonour.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eArbitration \u0026amp; Conciliation Act, 1996:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCovers arbitration agreements, arbitral tribunals, arbitral awards, conciliation, conduct of proceedings, Arbitration Council of India and amendments.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Years’ Judiciary Questions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eChapters include PYQs from different State Judicial Services examinations, helping aspirants understand how legal concepts are tested.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eJudiciary Trend Analysis:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThe book provides exam-wise trend analysis for Acts such as the Contract Act, Specific Relief Act, Partnership Act, Sale of Goods Act, Negotiable Instruments Act and Arbitration \u0026amp; Conciliation Act across multiple State Judiciary examinations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCase Law Based Learning:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eImportant legal principles are supported with judicial decisions and practical illustrations throughout the notes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this Book\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMercantile Law Class Notes for Judiciary Exams\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eoffer a consolidated study resource for important commercial law statutes frequently encountered in Judicial Services preparation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe material begins with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe Indian Contract Act, 1872\u003c\/strong\u003e, providing conceptual coverage of the formation and enforceability of contracts. Topics include\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eproposal and offer, communication, acceptance, consideration, capacity, free consent, legality, breach, damages, indemnity, guarantee, bailment, pledge and agency\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes combine statutory provisions with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eimportant case laws\u003c\/strong\u003e. For example, the discussion on different types of offer incorporates cases such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eCarlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co.\u003c\/em\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eTinn v. Hoffman\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand other judicial precedents to explain general offers, cross offers and counter offers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eComplete Act-Wise Coverage\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e1. The Indian Contract Act, 1872\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMajor chapters include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNature and Formation of Contract\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAcceptance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsideration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCapacity to Contract\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFactors Vitiating Free Consent\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLegality of Object\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVoid, Voidable, Illegal \u0026amp; Unenforceable Agreements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerformance \u0026amp; Discharge of Contracts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsequences of Breach of Contract\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuasi-Contracts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndemnity, Guarantee \u0026amp; Insurance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContract of Agency\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBailment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePledge\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard Form of Contracts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes explain both conceptual and statutory dimensions of contract law, including Sections 2, 3, 4 and other important provisions relevant to formation and communication of contracts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e2. The Specific Relief Act, 1963\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Specific Relief section covers:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBasics of Specific Relief\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecovery of Possession of Property\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecific Performance of Contract\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRectification of Instruments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRescission of Contract\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCancellation of Instruments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeclaratory Decrees\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInjunctions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt further explains remedies under the Act, including\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erecovery of possession, specific performance, rectification, cancellation, declaratory relief and preventive relief through injunctions\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e3. The Sale of Goods Act, 1930\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImportant areas include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFundamentals of Sale of Goods\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContract of Sale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConditions \u0026amp; Warranties\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTransfer of Property\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTransfer of Title by Non-Owners\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerformance of Contract\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRemedies for Breach\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe material also explains how the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSale of Goods Act operates on the foundation of general principles of contract law\u003c\/strong\u003e, while separately dealing with the transfer of property in goods.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e4. The Indian Partnership Act, 1932\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCoverage includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHistorical Background\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePartner\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRights of Partners\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDuties of Partners\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRelationship with Third Parties\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReconstitution of Partnership Firm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutgoing Partners\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRegistration of Firm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDissolution of Firm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e5. The Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe LLP section covers:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntroduction \u0026amp; Definitions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePartners \u0026amp; Designated Partners\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncorporation of LLP\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePartners and Their Relations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExtent \u0026amp; Limitation of Liability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInvestigation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWinding Up \u0026amp; Dissolution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDistinction between Partnership, LLP \u0026amp; Company\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe material specifically discusses the relationship between an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLLP and its partners\u003c\/strong\u003e, including the principle that a partner acts as an agent of the LLP but not of other partners.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e6. The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImportant chapters include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTypes of Negotiable Instruments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHolder \u0026amp; Holder in Due Course\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNegotiation of Negotiable Instruments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDischarge from Liability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiability of Parties\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBanker-Customer Relationship\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDishonour of Negotiable Instruments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e7. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCoverage includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHistorical Overview\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArbitration Agreement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComposition of Arbitral Tribunal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArbitral Award\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConciliation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConduct of Arbitral Proceedings\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFurther Proceedings after Arbitral Award\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArbitration Council of India\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLatest Amendments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe arbitration section also discusses procedural principles such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eequal treatment of parties, opportunity to present a case, determination of procedural rules and place of arbitration\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePrevious Years’ Questions for Judiciary Exams\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn important exam-oriented feature of the notes is the inclusion of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efrom multiple State Judicial Services examinations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Contract Act section, for example, includes questions from\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDJS, JJS, UPJS, BJSE, MPCJ, HJS, Gujarat Judicial Services and Punjab Judicial Services\u003c\/strong\u003e, covering concepts such as offer, invitation to offer, privity of contract, proposal, enforceability and essentials of a valid contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis helps aspirants connect statutory concepts with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eactual Judiciary exam question patterns\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eState Judiciary Trend Analysis\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book includes dedicated\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMercantile Law trend-analysis tables\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eshowing the frequency and marks of questions asked from different Acts across State Judiciary examinations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe analysis covers states such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eacross different examination years.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeparate trend analysis is also provided for the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecific Relief Act, Partnership Act, Sale of Goods Act, Negotiable Instruments Act and Arbitration \u0026amp; Conciliation Act\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIdeal For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis book is suitable for aspirants preparing for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJudiciary Exams, Judicial Services Examination, Civil Judge Exam, State Judiciary Exams, Delhi Judicial Service, Uttar Pradesh Judicial Service, Bihar Judiciary, Jharkhand Judiciary, Rajasthan Judiciary, Madhya Pradesh Judiciary, Haryana Judiciary, Himachal Pradesh Judiciary and other law competitive examinations\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is particularly useful for candidates looking for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMercantile Law Judiciary Notes, Contract Law Judiciary Books, Specific Relief Act Notes, Partnership Act Notes, Sale of Goods Act Notes, Negotiable Instruments Act Notes and Arbitration Law study material\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51332926243096,"sku":"DP23218","price":377.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/81BKgM6D3qL.jpg?v=1765456650"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-law-books-criminal-law-i-class-notes-updated-as-per-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-bns-2023-judiciary-foundation-course-pre-mains-paperback","title":"DRISHTI IAS Law Books Criminal Law – I Class Notes, Updated as per Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, Judiciary Foundation Course (Pre + Mains) [Paperback] – English Medium","description":"\u003cp\u003eDRISHTI IAS Law Books Criminal Law – I Class Notes, Updated as per Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, Judiciary Foundation Course (Pre + Mains) [Paperback] is designed to support students and aspirants in their exam preparation. 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This comprehensive 5-book set is designed for aspirants preparing for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA UGC NET\u003c\/strong\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA NET\u003c\/strong\u003e, JRF and other Education-related competitive examinations. The complete set covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnits 1 to 10\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein a structured and easy-to-understand format, with every book covering two units.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Features\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComplete Coverage of Units 1–10:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCovers the complete syllabus of Education Paper-II across five systematically organised books.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e5-Book Class Notes Set:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIncludes Units\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1–2, 3–4, 5–6, 7–8 and 9–10\u003c\/strong\u003e, making\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUGC NET exam\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003epreparation more organised and manageable.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEasy-to-Understand Language:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eImportant concepts, theories, approaches and educational ideas are presented in a learner-friendly format.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Years’ Questions \u0026amp; Practice:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIncludes exam-oriented questions that can also support practice alongside an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA mock test\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003estrategy. The notes contain previous NTA\/UGC-NET questions and practice questions for revision.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExam-Oriented Preparation:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eUseful for candidates searching for reliable study material for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/shop.drishtipublications.com\/collections\/ugc-net-books\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUGC NET\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA UGC NET\u003c\/strong\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA NET\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand JRF Education Paper-II.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBroad Subject Coverage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIncludes educational philosophy, learner and learning process, teacher education, curriculum, educational research, pedagogy, assessment, technology, educational management and inclusive education.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUseful for PYQ-Based Preparation:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eAspirants looking for preparation support around\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUGC NET exam 2023\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand other previous examination cycles can use the included previous-year questions to understand question patterns and strengthen revision.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout the Books\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDrishti Publications’\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.in\/stores\/page\/27DA0A96-4177-4BA5-A6EA-4FE8AD529BE9\"\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET\/JRF\u003c\/a\u003e Education Paper-II Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eprovide comprehensive and structured preparation material for candidates appearing in the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUGC NET exam\u003c\/strong\u003e. The content is designed to support conceptual clarity as well as examination-focused revision.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe five-book series covers the complete Education Paper-II syllabus from\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 1 to Unit 10\u003c\/strong\u003e. Important areas include Indian and Western philosophies of education, sociology of education, educational policies and commissions, learner development, theories of learning, teacher education, curriculum studies, educational research, pedagogy, assessment, educational technology, administration, leadership and inclusive education.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe material also includes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET previous years’ questions and practice questions\u003c\/strong\u003e, helping candidates analyse the type of questions asked in the examination and practise important concepts. This makes the set suitable for candidates combining conceptual study with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/shop.drishtipublications.com\/collections\/all\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA mock test\u003c\/strong\u003e,\u003c\/a\u003e PYQ and revision-based preparation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eComplete Syllabus Coverage\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 1 – Units 1 \u0026amp; 2\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEducational Studies; History, Politics and Economics of Education\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 2 – Units 3 \u0026amp; 4\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLearner and Learning Process; Teacher Education\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 3 – Units 5 \u0026amp; 6\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCurriculum Studies; Research in Education\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 4 – Units 7 \u0026amp; 8\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePedagogy, Andragogy and Assessment; Technology in\/for Education\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 5 – Units 9 \u0026amp; 10\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEducational Management, Administration and Leadership; Inclusive Education\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIdeal For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis set is suitable for aspirants preparing for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUGC NET\u003c\/strong\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA UGC NET\u003c\/strong\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA NET\u003c\/strong\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUGC NET exam\u003c\/strong\u003e, JRF Education Paper-II, and candidates revising previous examination patterns including the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUGC NET exam 2023\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52609065550104,"sku":"CN001","price":1875.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/combo1final.jpg?v=1788434886"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-ugc-net-jrf-economics-paper-ii-class-notes-hindi-set-of-5-books","title":"DRISHTI IAS UGC NET\/JRF Arthshastra Paper-II Class Notes, Hindi Medium, Set of 5 Books","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET\/JRF Economics Paper-II – Class Notes | Complete Units 1–10 | Hindi Medium | 5-Book Set\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDrishti Publications’\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET\/JRF Economics Paper-II Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eare designed for aspirants preparing for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUGC NET Economics, NTA UGC NET, NTA NET, JRF Economics and other Economics-related competitive examinations\u003c\/strong\u003e. This\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5-book Hindi Medium set\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eprovides structured coverage of the complete\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnits 1 to 10\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esyllabus, with each volume covering two units in simple and easy-to-understand language. The five volumes cover\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnits 1–2, 3–4, 5–6, 7–8 and 9–10\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003erespectively.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Features\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComplete Units 1–10 Coverage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eA comprehensive\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5-book set\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovering the complete NTA UGC NET Economics Paper-II syllabus.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSystematically Divided Set:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eSeparate volumes for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnits 1–2, Units 3–4, Units 5–6, Units 7–8 and Units 9–10\u003c\/strong\u003e, making preparation organised and manageable.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHindi Medium Class Notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eConcepts are presented in simple Hindi while retaining important technical Economics terminology in English where required.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroeconomics \u0026amp; Macroeconomics:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCovers consumer behaviour, production and costs, game theory, market structures, national income, employment, IS-LM model, inflation, business cycles and monetary-fiscal policy.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStatistics \u0026amp; Econometrics:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIncludes probability, descriptive statistics, sampling, hypothesis testing, regression models, identification problems and simultaneous equation models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMathematical Economics:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCovers sets, functions, calculus, matrices, vector spaces, optimisation, input-output models, linear programming and differential equations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eInternational \u0026amp; Public Economics:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIncludes international trade theories, Balance of Payments, exchange rates, WTO, IMF, World Bank, market failure, public revenue, public expenditure, public debt and fiscal policy.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMoney \u0026amp; Banking:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCovers money supply, central banking, commercial banking, monetary policy, non-banking financial institutions and capital markets.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGrowth \u0026amp; Development Economics:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIncludes development theories and growth models such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdam Smith, Ricardo, Marx, Schumpeter, Rostow, Harrod-Domar, Solow, Robinson and Kaldor\u003c\/strong\u003e, along with HDI, SDGs, poverty and inequality.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Economics \u0026amp; Demography:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCovers market failure, Coase Theorem, environmental valuation, population theories, fertility, mortality, demographic dividend, life tables and migration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Economy:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCovers agriculture, industry, services, rural and urban development, foreign trade, infrastructure, market reforms, Centre-State financial relations, FRBM, poverty, inequality and unemployment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious NTA\/UGC-NET Questions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThe material incorporates previous examination questions for exam-oriented practice; the notes include questions from sessions such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET June 2024\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand earlier examinations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this Class Notes Set\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET\/JRF Economics Paper-II Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eprovide aspirants with a structured pathway for preparing the complete Economics syllabus. Instead of presenting all ten units in a single bulky volume, the content has been divided into\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003efive focused books\u003c\/strong\u003e, allowing candidates to study two units at a time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe series begins with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMicroeconomics and Macroeconomics\u003c\/strong\u003e, covering fundamental topics such as consumer behaviour, production and cost, uncertainty and risk, game theory, market structures, welfare economics, national income, Classical and Keynesian approaches, consumption, investment, demand and supply of money, inflation and monetary-fiscal policy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt then progresses to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistics \u0026amp; Econometrics and Mathematical Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e, providing coverage of quantitative concepts required for UGC NET Economics. Topics include probability, sampling, hypothesis testing, regression, matrices, calculus, optimisation and economic models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe subsequent units deal with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInternational Economics and Public Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e, including theories of international trade, Balance of Payments, exchange-rate determination, foreign-exchange markets, tariffs, WTO, IMF and World Bank, along with taxation, government expenditure, public debt, government budgeting and fiscal policy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe later volumes focus on\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMoney \u0026amp; Banking, Economics of Growth and Development, Environmental Economics \u0026amp; Demography, and the Indian Economy\u003c\/strong\u003e, creating comprehensive coverage of both theoretical Economics and India-specific economic issues.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eComplete Unit-Wise Coverage\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBook 1 – Units 1 \u0026amp; 2\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit I – Microeconomics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheory of Consumer Behaviour\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheory of Production and Costs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecision Making under Uncertainty \u0026amp; Risk\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGame Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarket Structures\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFactor Pricing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral Equilibrium\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePareto Optimality \u0026amp; Kaldor-Hicks Criteria\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWelfare Economics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAsymmetric Information\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit II – Macroeconomics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNational Income\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput \u0026amp; Employment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClassical \u0026amp; Keynesian Approaches\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsumption \u0026amp; Investment Functions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMultiplier \u0026amp; Accelerator\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDemand and Supply of Money\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIS-LM Model\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInflation \u0026amp; Phillips Curve\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBusiness Cycles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonetary \u0026amp; Fiscal Policy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRational Expectations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBook 2 – Units 3 \u0026amp; 4\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit III – Statistics \u0026amp; Econometrics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProbability Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDescriptive Statistics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrelation \u0026amp; Index Numbers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSampling Methods\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStatistical Inference\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHypothesis Testing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLinear Regression\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBLUE Properties\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIdentification Problems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSimultaneous Equation Models\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit IV – Mathematical Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSets, Functions \u0026amp; Continuity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSequences \u0026amp; Series\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDifferential Calculus\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLinear Algebra\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMatrices \u0026amp; Vector Spaces\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStatic Optimisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput-Output Model\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLinear Programming\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDifference \u0026amp; Differential Equations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBook 3 – Units 5 \u0026amp; 6\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit V – International Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInternational Trade\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheories of International Trade\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImperfect Competition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBalance of Payments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExchange Rate\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eForeign Exchange Market\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGains from Trade\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTerms of Trade\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTariff \u0026amp; Non-Tariff Barriers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDumping\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGATT \u0026amp; WTO\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRegional Trade Blocks\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIMF \u0026amp; World Bank\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit VI – Public Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarket Failure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePublic Goods \u0026amp; Externalities\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRegulation of Markets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePublic Revenue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDirect \u0026amp; Indirect Taxes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePublic Expenditure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePublic Debt\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGovernment Budget\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFiscal Policy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBook 4 – Units 7 \u0026amp; 8\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit VII – Money \u0026amp; Banking\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComponents of Money Supply\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCentral Bank\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommercial Banking\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonetary Policy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNon-Banking Financial Institutions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCapital Market \u0026amp; Regulation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit VIII – Economics of Growth \u0026amp; Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEconomic Growth \u0026amp; Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdam Smith, Ricardo \u0026amp; Marx\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSchumpeter \u0026amp; Rostow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBalanced \u0026amp; Unbalanced Growth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBig Push Approach\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHarrod-Domar \u0026amp; Solow Models\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRobinson \u0026amp; Kaldor Models\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEndogenous Growth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePQLI, HDI \u0026amp; SDGs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePoverty \u0026amp; Inequality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHealth, Education \u0026amp; Gender\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBook 5 – Units 9 \u0026amp; 10\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit IX – Environmental Economics \u0026amp; Demography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnvironment as a Public Good\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarket Failure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCoase Theorem\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCost-Benefit Analysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnvironmental Valuation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePopulation Theories\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFertility, Morbidity \u0026amp; Mortality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAge Structure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDemographic Dividend\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLife Table\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMigration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit X – Indian Economy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEconomic Growth in India\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgriculture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndustry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eServices Sector\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRural Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUrban Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eForeign Trade \u0026amp; BOP\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eForeign Capital\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInfrastructure Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePublic-Private Partnerships\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLand, Labour \u0026amp; Capital Market Reforms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCentre-State Financial Relations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFinance Commissions \u0026amp; FRBM\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePoverty, Inequality \u0026amp; Unemployment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eExam-Oriented Preparation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Class Notes combine conceptual Economics with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET previous-year examination questions\u003c\/strong\u003e, helping aspirants understand how concepts are tested in the actual examination. 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Governance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eConstitution, Fundamental Rights, DPSPs, federalism, Parliament, Executive, Judiciary, constitutional bodies, governance, transparency, accountability and civil services.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Economy:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ePlanning, national income, growth, development, employment, banking, monetary policy, agriculture, food security, reforms, infrastructure and external sector.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIndia \u0026amp; World Geography:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ePhysical geography, atmosphere, climate, oceans, landforms, Indian geography, resources, industries and geophysical phenomena.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHistory \u0026amp; Culture:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eAncient and cultural history, Modern India, Freedom Struggle, post-Independence developments and important themes of World History.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironment, Ecology \u0026amp; Disaster Management:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eEcosystems, biodiversity, environmental issues, sustainability, environmental governance and disaster-management-related preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGeneral Science \u0026amp; Science \u0026amp; Technology:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eBiology, Chemistry, Physics, IT, Space Technology, Biotechnology, Nanotechnology, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and other science-tech areas.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eInternational Relations:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIndian foreign policy, neighbouring countries, bilateral relations, regional and global groupings, international organisations and Indian diaspora.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Society \u0026amp; Social Justice:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eDiversity, women, urbanisation, globalisation, social empowerment, communalism, regionalism, health, education, poverty and vulnerable sections.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eInternal Security:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eExtremism, terrorism, cyber security, communication networks, organised crime, border security and security forces.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEthics, Integrity \u0026amp; Aptitude:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eEthics, human values, attitude, emotional intelligence, civil-service values, probity, public administration and case-study preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this GS Foundation Course Set\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS GS (P+M) Foundation Course Book Set\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebrings together\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11 important General Studies subjects\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein a coordinated preparation package for Civil Services aspirants.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRather than studying Prelims and Mains in complete isolation, these books provide subject-focused material suitable for building the conceptual base required for both stages of the examination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe set spans topics from\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian civilisation and constitutional development to contemporary governance, economy, international relations, technology, environment and internal security\u003c\/strong\u003e, giving aspirants broad coverage of the General Studies ecosystem.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBooks Included in the Set\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e1. Cultural History of India\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCovers major portions of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAncient India and Indian cultural development\u003c\/strong\u003e, including historical sources, prehistoric cultures, Indus Valley Civilization, Vedic Age, Mahajanapadas, Mauryan Empire, post-Mauryan developments, Sangam Age and Gupta period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe cultural component further includes themes such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian architecture, sculpture and other dimensions of artistic heritage\u003c\/strong\u003e. The book, for example, discusses Harappan architecture and its urban-planning traditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e2. 🇮🇳 Modern India \u0026amp; World History\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e18th-century India, European expansion, British rule, colonial policies, socio-religious reform movements, Revolt of 1857, Indian nationalism, Freedom Struggle and post-Independence India\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe World History component also addresses global transformations such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erevolutions, imperialism and decolonisation\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e3. India \u0026amp; World Geography\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvides extensive coverage of:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBasic Geographical Concepts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtmosphere\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTemperature \u0026amp; Heat Budget\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePressure \u0026amp; Wind Systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeather \u0026amp; Climate\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOceans\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCyclones \u0026amp; Anticyclones\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJet Streams\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEarth \u0026amp; Landforms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndian Physiography\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDrainage \u0026amp; Climate\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNatural Vegetation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNatural Resources\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndustries \u0026amp; Economic Geography\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e4. Indian Polity \u0026amp; Governance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCovers core constitutional themes such as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHistorical Underpinnings of the Constitution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePreamble\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCitizenship\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFundamental Rights\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDirective Principles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFundamental Duties\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAmendments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFederalism \u0026amp; Centre-State Relations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eParliament \u0026amp; State Legislatures\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePresident, Prime Minister \u0026amp; Governor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupreme Court \u0026amp; High Courts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConstitutional Bodies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePanchayats \u0026amp; Municipalities\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Governance portion includes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003egovernment policies, NGOs, SHGs, development processes, pressure groups, transparency, accountability, e-governance and role of civil services\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e5. Indian Economy\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCovers important\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Economy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eareas such as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNational Income\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowth \u0026amp; Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlanning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eResource Mobilisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePoverty, Unemployment \u0026amp; Inequality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInclusive Growth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMoney \u0026amp; Banking\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonetary Policy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePublic Finance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInflation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFinancial Markets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgriculture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFarm Subsidies \u0026amp; Food Security\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFood Processing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLand Reforms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEconomic Reforms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExternal Sector\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndustrial Sector\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInfrastructure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnergy \u0026amp; Services\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e6. Environment \u0026amp; Ecology and Disaster Management\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDesigned for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Environment and Disaster Management preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e, with coverage extending across environmental concepts, ecosystems, biodiversity, sustainable development and environmental governance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImportant areas include\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Impact Assessment and Sustainable Development\u003c\/strong\u003e, including institutions and frameworks such as CBD, UNFCCC and UNCCD.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e7. General Science \u0026amp; Science \u0026amp; Technology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvides integrated preparation for basic science and contemporary technology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMajor topics include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiology \u0026amp; Human Body\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGenetics \u0026amp; Nutrition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiseases\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMatter, Atoms \u0026amp; Molecules\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChemistry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMotion, Energy \u0026amp; Gravitation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeat, Waves, Sound \u0026amp; Light\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectricity \u0026amp; Magnetism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eModern Physics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDefence \u0026amp; Nuclear Technology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpace Technology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInformation \u0026amp; Communication Technology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiotechnology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNanotechnology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRobotics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArtificial Intelligence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuperconductivity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e8. International Relations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndia’s Foreign Policy and India’s engagement with the world\u003c\/strong\u003e, including:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eForeign Policy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia \u0026amp; South Asia\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia-Afghanistan\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia-Pakistan\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia-Nepal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia-Bhutan\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia-Bangladesh\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia-Sri Lanka\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia-Maldives\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLook East Policy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia-Myanmar\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia-Japan\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia-Singapore\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInternational Organisations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndian Diaspora\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e9. Indian Society \u0026amp; Social Justice\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCovers GS Paper-I and GS Paper-II topics such as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSalient Features of Indian Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnity in Diversity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWomen \u0026amp; Women’s Organisations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUrbanisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlobalisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Empowerment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSecularism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommunalism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRegionalism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHealth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEducation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePoverty \u0026amp; Hunger\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVulnerable Sections\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWelfare Schemes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e10. Internal Security\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFocuses on important\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC GS Paper-III Internal Security\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003etopics, including:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDevelopment \u0026amp; Extremism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTerrorism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eState \u0026amp; Non-State Actors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNorth-East Security Challenges\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMedia \u0026amp; Social Media\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCyber Security\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInformation \u0026amp; Communication Security\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrganised Crime\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMoney Laundering\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBorder Security\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSecurity Forces \u0026amp; Agencies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e11. Ethics, Integrity \u0026amp; Aptitude\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructured for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC GS Paper-IV\u003c\/strong\u003e, covering:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEthics \u0026amp; Human Interface\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHuman Values\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttitude\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmotional Intelligence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAptitude\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImpartiality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eObjectivity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmpathy \u0026amp; Compassion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePublic Service\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEthics in Public Administration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProbity in Governance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCode of Ethics \u0026amp; Conduct\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCitizen’s Charter\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorruption\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEthics in International Relations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCase Studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ethics material also provides a structured approach to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecase-study answer writing\u003c\/strong\u003e, including identification of ethical issues, stakeholders and moral dilemmas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSuitable for UPSC Prelims + Mains\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis set provides subject-wise preparation material relevant to:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Prelims | UPSC Mains GS Paper 1 | GS Paper 2 | GS Paper 3 | GS Paper 4 | IAS Civil Services Examination | State PCS | Civil Services Foundation Preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is especially useful for aspirants looking for a single\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeneral Studies book combo\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovering the major static subjects needed throughout the UPSC preparation cycle.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52616064827672,"sku":"CN003","price":3999.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/hado_189ab92e-5696-499f-939e-ce6012abddab.jpg?v=1790143418"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-judiciary-class-notes-combo-set-of-9-english-medium-judiciary-exams","title":"DRISHTI IAS Judiciary Class Notes Combo Set of 9, English Medium, Judiciary Exams – English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDrishti Judiciary Complete Class Notes Combo – Set of 9 Books | English Medium\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComprehensive Judiciary Law Preparation Combo\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efeaturing\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9 subject-wise Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovering major Civil Law, Criminal Law, Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, Family Law, Mercantile Law, Minor Laws and Law of Torts for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJudiciary \u0026amp; State Judicial Services Exams\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e9-Book Subject Coverage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCivil Law-I, Civil Law-II, Criminal Law-I, Criminal Law-II, Constitutional Law \u0026amp; Administrative Law, Family Law, Mercantile Law, Minor Laws and Law of Torts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUpdated Criminal Laws Coverage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eincludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCivil Law Coverage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eincludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCode of Civil Procedure, 1908; Limitation Act, 1963; Transfer of Property Act, 1882; Registration Act, 1908; Indian Stamp Act, 1899; and Indian Easements Act, 1882\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExtensive Mercantile Law Preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith the Indian Contract Act, Specific Relief Act, Sale of Goods Act, Partnership Act, LLP Act, Negotiable Instruments Act and Arbitration \u0026amp; Conciliation Act.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily Law Coverage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eincludes both\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHindu Law and Muslim Law\u003c\/strong\u003e, addressing marriage, divorce, maintenance, guardianship, adoption, succession, inheritance, Hiba, Waqf and related personal-law concepts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImportant Minor Laws\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003einclude Juvenile Justice Act, POCSO Act, POSH Act, Domestic Violence Act, Indecent Representation of Women Act and Commercial Courts Act.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eJudiciary Exam Trend Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eincluded across multiple subjects to help aspirants identify the historical question and marks pattern of State Judicial Services examinations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout This Combo\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti Judiciary English Medium Class Notes Combo – Set of 9 Books\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis designed for aspirants preparing for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJudiciary Exams, State Judicial Services, Civil Judge Examinations and other law-based competitive examinations\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis comprehensive collection brings together major subjects of a typical Judiciary preparation framework in separate, systematically organised books. The set covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCivil Procedure, Property Law, Criminal Law, Evidence Law, Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, Family Law, Commercial Law, Minor Acts and Law of Torts\u003c\/strong\u003e, helping aspirants study core legal subjects through a coordinated subject-wise approach.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes are structured around\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActs, statutory provisions, legal doctrines, principles, case laws and examination-relevant concepts\u003c\/strong\u003e, while several books also include\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eprevious examination trend analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eto demonstrate the historical importance of individual subjects in State Judiciary examinations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e1. Civil Law-I\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCivil Law-I\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovers two major procedural laws:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCode of Civil Procedure, 1908\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe Limitation Act, 1963\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImportant CPC topics include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntroduction to CPC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecree, Order \u0026amp; Judgment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eForeign Judgment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJurisdiction of Civil Courts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRes Sub-Judice \u0026amp; Res Judicata\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlace of Suing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInstitution of Suits\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePleadings\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlaint \u0026amp; Written Statement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSummons\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppearance \u0026amp; Non-Appearance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiscovery \u0026amp; Inspection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterim Orders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrial\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJudgment \u0026amp; Decree\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppeals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReference, Review \u0026amp; Revision\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLimitation Act\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eportion addresses limitation of suits, appeals and applications along with computation and exclusion of limitation periods.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2. Civil Law-II\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCivil Law-II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecombines four important property-related legislations:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTransfer of Property Act, 1882\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegistration Act, 1908\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Stamp Act, 1899\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Easements Act, 1882\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book contains\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e40 structured chapters\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovering topics such as transfer of property, rule against perpetuity, vested and contingent interests, lis pendens, part performance, sale, mortgage, lease, gift, registration of documents, stamp duties and easements.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e3. Criminal Law-I – Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCriminal Law-I\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ehas been structured around the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023\u003c\/strong\u003e, corresponding to the earlier Indian Penal Code framework.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIts\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e18 chapters\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecover:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral Principles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral Explanations \u0026amp; Definitions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePunishments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJoint \u0026amp; Constructive Liability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral Exceptions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttempt\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbetment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCriminal Conspiracy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOffences Against the State\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePublic Tranquillity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOffences Affecting Human Body\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOffences Against Children\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOffences Against Women\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarriage-Related Offences\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProperty Offences\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDefamation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCriminal Intimidation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDocument-Related Offences\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book also provides\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCriminal Law-I Judiciary Trend Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebased on past State Judicial Services examinations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4. Criminal Law-II – BNSS \u0026amp; BSA\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCriminal Law-II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovers the two major new criminal laws:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 – Criminal Procedure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 – Evidence Law\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBNSS portion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovers investigation, arrest, jurisdiction, cognizance, bail, charge, trial, judgment, appeals, revision, execution of sentences, maintenance and plea bargaining.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBSA portion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovers relevant facts, dying declaration, expert opinion, burden of proof, estoppel, privileged communications, oral and documentary evidence, witnesses, accomplice evidence and presumptions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e5. Constitutional Law \u0026amp; Administrative Law\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis book combines two essential Judiciary subjects—\u003cstrong\u003eConstitutional Law and Administrative Law\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Constitutional Law portion covers major topics including:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFundamental Rights\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArticles 14–18: Right to Equality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArticles 19–22: Right to Freedom\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArticles 23–24: Right Against Exploitation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArticles 25–28: Freedom of Religion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArticles 29–30: Cultural \u0026amp; Educational Rights\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArticle 32: Constitutional Remedies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePIL \u0026amp; Legal Aid\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDirective Principles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFundamental Duties\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnion \u0026amp; State Executive\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJudiciary\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCentre-State Relations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLocal Bodies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLegislative Powers \u0026amp; Privileges\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Administrative Law section complements constitutional preparation with important concepts such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRule of Law, Separation of Powers, Delegated Legislation, Natural Justice, Judicial Review of Administrative Action and Ombudsman\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e6. Family Law\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFamily Law Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecover both\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHindu Law and Muslim Law\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHindu Law includes:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSources \u0026amp; Schools of Hindu Law\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamily Courts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarriage \u0026amp; Dowry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJudicial Separation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRestitution of Conjugal Rights\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDissolution of Marriage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintenance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGuardianship\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdoption\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJoint Hindu Family\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePartition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuccession\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWoman's Property\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligious \u0026amp; Charitable Endowments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMuslim Law includes:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSources \u0026amp; Schools of Muslim Law\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarriage\/Nikah\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintenance \u0026amp; Dower\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDivorce\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGuardianship\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHiba\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWasiyat\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWaqf\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuccession \u0026amp; Inheritance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe text also discusses the application of Muslim personal law to areas such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emarriage, dissolution, maintenance, dower, guardianship, gifts, trusts, Waqf and succession\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e7. Mercantile Law\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMercantile Law Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eprovide coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7 major commercial legislations\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndian Contract Act, 1872\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecific Relief Act, 1963\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSale of Goods Act, 1930\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndian Partnership Act, 1932\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLimited Liability Partnership Act, 2008\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNegotiable Instruments Act, 1881\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Contract Law section covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eoffer and acceptance, consideration, capacity, free consent, legality of object, void agreements, performance, breach, quasi-contracts, indemnity, guarantee, agency, bailment and pledge\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Specific Relief section covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erecovery of possession, specific performance, rectification, rescission, cancellation, declaratory decrees and injunctions\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt further addresses\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSale of Goods, Partnership, LLP, Negotiable Instruments and Arbitration \u0026amp; Conciliation\u003c\/strong\u003e, providing broad preparation for commercial and contract-related areas of Judiciary syllabi.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e8. Minor Laws\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMinor Laws\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebook combines\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6 special legislations\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJuvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProtection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProtection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommercial Courts Act, 2015\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book also contains Act-wise\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJudiciary trend analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e, showing question and marks patterns from previous examinations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e9. Law of Torts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLaw of Torts Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecover\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14 structured areas\u003c\/strong\u003e, including:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNature \u0026amp; Definition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral Defences\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRemedies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNegligence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNervous Shock\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRemoteness of Damage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVicarious Liability including State Liability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStrict \u0026amp; Absolute Liability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJoint Tortfeasors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNuisance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConspiracy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDefamation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMalicious Prosecution \u0026amp; False Imprisonment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsumer Protection Act, 1986\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes explain Tort as a branch of Civil Law dealing with civil wrongs and legal remedies, supported substantially by case-law principles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eJudiciary Exam Trend Analysis\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral books in this combo include dedicated\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esubject-wise trend analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e, showing how questions and marks have appeared across previous State Judicial Services examinations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExamples include trend analysis for:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCriminal Law-I\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCriminal Procedure \/ BNSS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEvidence Law \/ BSA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCivil Law-II\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMinor Laws\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLaw of Torts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOther major subjects within the Judiciary Class Notes series.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIdeal For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuitable for aspirants preparing for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eState Judiciary Exams, Judicial Services Examinations, Civil Judge Exams and other competitive law examinations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003erequiring preparation across major Civil, Criminal, Constitutional and allied laws.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52628261142808,"sku":"CN004","price":2886.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/ChatGPTImageSep7_2026_11_00_18AM.png?v=1788782358"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-anthropology-part-i-optional-course-for-civil-services-exam","title":"DRISHTI IAS Anthropology Part-I Optional Course for Civil Services Exam – English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDRISHTI IAS Anthropology (Part-I) Optional Course | For Civil Services Examination\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAnthropology Part-I Optional Course\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edesigned for aspirants preparing Anthropology as an optional subject for the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCivil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDedicated Part-I volume\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor structured Anthropology Optional preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuitable for aspirants seeking focused study material for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Civil Services Anthropology Optional\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePublished under the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebrand for competitive examination preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesigned as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptional Course material\u003c\/strong\u003e, helping candidates organise their Anthropology preparation in a subject-wise format.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClearly marked as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnthropology (Part-I)\u003c\/strong\u003e, making it suitable as the first volume in a multi-part Anthropology Optional study series.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout This Book\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDRISHTI IAS Anthropology (Part-I) Optional Course\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis study material intended for aspirants preparing\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnthropology as an optional subject for the Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book is presented as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePart-I of the Anthropology Optional Course\u003c\/strong\u003e, providing candidates with a dedicated resource for organising their optional-subject preparation. 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The book progresses from fundamental concepts such as culture and society to major anthropological institutions including marriage, family and kinship.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe content further extends into\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEconomic Anthropology, Political Anthropology, Religion, and Culture, Language \u0026amp; Communication\u003c\/strong\u003e, providing focused coverage of several core areas relevant to Anthropology Optional preparation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConcepts are supported by definitions, anthropological perspectives, scholars, theoretical discussions and examples. For instance, the section on culture discusses its characteristics, structure, cultural patterns, ethnocentrism, cultural materialism and cultural processes, while the society section covers social institutions, groups, stratification and mobility.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book also integrates\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e, including questions from UPSC examinations on themes such as Social and Cultural Anthropology, marriage regulations, globalization and indigenous economies, kinship, political systems, religion, social stratification and linguistic anthropology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThe Nature of Culture\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Concept of Culture, characteristics, attributes, cultural structure, cultural patterns, ethnocentrism, cultural materialism, culture area and cultural processes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThe Nature of Society\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Society, social institutions, social groups, social stratification and social mobility\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMarriage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Definitions, universality, rules of marriage, marriage payments, preferential marriage, functions and case studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Definition, universality, approaches to family, types of families, impact of urbanization and industrialization, feminist movements and domestic groups\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eKinship\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Descent, consanguinity, affinity, kinship terminology, filiation, kinship behaviour and matriarchal kin systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEconomic Anthropology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Scope, formalist-substantivist debate, production, distribution, exchange, hunting-gathering, pastoralism, horticulture, agriculture and globalization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePolitical Anthropology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Political systems, social control, power, authority, legitimacy, law, justice and court systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReligion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Anthropological approaches, sacred and profane, witchcraft, sorcery, shamanism, myths, rituals, magic and science\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCulture, Language \u0026amp; Communication\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Linguistic Anthropology, origin of language, verbal and non-verbal communication, endangered languages and sociolinguistics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese themes correspond directly to the book’s chapter structure and contents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. The Nature of Culture – Unit 2.1\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConcept of Culture • Characteristic Features of Culture • Attributes of Culture • Culture Structure • Cultural Pattern • Ethnocentrism and Cultural Materialism • Culture Area • Different Levels of Culture • Cultural Processes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. The Nature of Society – Unit 2.2\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConcept of Society • Social Institution • Social Groups • Social Stratification • Social Mobility\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Marriage – Unit 2.3\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDefinitions and Universality of Marriage • Kathleen Gough’s Study on Marriage Among Nayars of Kerala • Rules of Marriage • Marriage Payments • Preferential Marriage • Means of Acquiring Brides in Different Tribes of India • Functions of Marriage • Same-Sex Marriage and Marital Rights\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Family – Unit 2.4\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDefinition and Universality • Perspectives to Study Family • Functions of Family • Types of Families • Impact of Urbanization and Industrialization • Feminist Movements and Impact on Family • Family, Household and Domestic Groups\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Kinship – Unit 2.5\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConcept and Definition of Kinship • Consanguinity and Affinity • Principles and Types of Descent • Phratry and Moiety • Kinship Terminology • Theoretical Development of Kinship • Filiation • Kinship Behaviour • Northern and Southern Kinship Zones • Matriarchal Kin System in India\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Economic Anthropology – Unit 3\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMeaning, Scope and Relevance • Economics vs Economic Anthropology • Phases of Economic Anthropology • Formalist and Substantivist Debate • Reciprocity and Redistribution • Production • Hunting-Gathering • Fishing • Shifting Cultivation • Pastoral Economy • Horticulture • Agriculture • Market Exchange • Globalization and Indigenous Economic Systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Political Anthropology – Unit 4\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolitical Organization and Social Control • Anthropology of Political Systems • Types of Political Organization • Power, Authority and Legitimacy • Law and Justice • Court Systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Religion – Unit 5\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConcept of Religion • Anthropological Approaches • Sacred and Profane • Witchcraft, Sorcery and Shaman • Myths and Rituals • Magic, Religion and Science • Elements of Religion\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. Culture, Language and Communication – Unit 7\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLinguistic Anthropology • Nature and Significance of Language • Origin of Languages • Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication • Endangered Languages • Language and Culture • Sociolinguistics • Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52634006618392,"sku":"OPANTH3","price":289.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_1_761e9961-134b-472d-b3f4-305c5f4505b0.jpg?v=1788845361"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-anthropology-part-iv-optional-course-english-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS Anthropology Part-IV Optional Course, English Medium – English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDrishti IAS Anthropology Part-IV – Archaeology, Primatology \u0026amp; Human Fossils\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFocused coverage of Archaeology, Primatology and Human Fossils\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Civil Services Anthropology Optional preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers major\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrehistoric Cultures\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eincluding Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Megalithic and Indus Valley Civilization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplains important\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelative and Absolute Dating Techniques\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eused in prehistoric archaeology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimatology\u003c\/strong\u003e, primate evolution, taxonomy, behaviour and comparative anatomy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiological and Cultural Factors in Human Evolution\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes major\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Fossils\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esuch as Australopithecus, Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus, Neanderthals, Rhodesian Man, Cromagnon, Grimaldi and Chancelade\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor exam-oriented preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book is structured around key Anthropology Optional syllabus areas including\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArchaeology, Primatology and Human Fossils\u003c\/strong\u003e, with dedicated coverage of concepts, evolutionary stages and previous-year questions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this Book\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS Anthropology Part-IV\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptional Course book for the Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e, designed to provide structured coverage of important areas of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArchaeology, Primatology and Human Evolution\u003c\/strong\u003e. The book begins with archaeological chronology and prehistoric cultures, progresses to primate evolution and behaviour, and then covers major human fossil forms and their phylogenetic significance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Archaeology section covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edating techniques, Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic cultures, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Megalithic cultures, Indus Valley Civilization and Ethnoarchaeology\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Primatology section includes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOld World and New World Primates, Australopithecines, Tertiary and Quaternary fossil primates, living major primates, comparative anatomy of man and apes, and biological and cultural factors in human evolution\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Human Fossils section provides focused coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAustralopithecus, Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus, Neanderthals, Rhodesian Man, Cromagnon, Grimaldi and Chancelade\u003c\/strong\u003e, followed by Previous Years’ Questions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eArchaeology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Dating Techniques, Prehistoric Cultures, Indus Valley Civilization and Ethnoarchaeology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDating Methods\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Relative Dating, Absolute Dating, Stratigraphy, Radiocarbon Dating, Potassium-Argon Dating, Thermoluminescence, Dendrochronology and other techniques\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrehistoric Cultures\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Megalithic cultures\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrimatology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Scientific study of primates, evolutionary trends, primate taxonomy, adaptations, behaviour and social organization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLiving Major Primates\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Gorilla, Chimpanzee, Orangutan, Gibbon and Bonobo\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComparative Anatomy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Comparative study of man and apes and skeletal changes associated with erect posture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Evolution\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Biological and cultural factors involved in human evolution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Fossils\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Australopithecus, Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus, Neanderthals and other important fossil forms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Questions on archaeology, fossil primates, prehistoric cultures, human evolution and fossil hominins\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Primatology section specifically addresses characteristics of primates, evolutionary trends, primate adaptations, behaviour, fossil primates and comparative anatomy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Archaeology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDating Techniques • Lower Palaeolithic Culture • Middle Palaeolithic Culture • Upper Palaeolithic Culture • Mesolithic Culture • Neolithic Culture • Chalcolithic Culture • Megalithic Cultures • Indus Valley Civilization • Ethnoarchaeology\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Primatology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePrimatology • Old World and New World Primates • Australopithecines • Primates • Tertiary and Quaternary Fossil Primates • Gorilla • Chimpanzee • Orangutan • Gibbon • Bonobo • Comparative Anatomy of Man and Apes • Biological Factors in Human Evolution • Cultural Factors in Human Evolution\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Human Fossils\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAustralopithecus • Homo Habilis • Homo Erectus • Neanderthals • Rhodesian Man • Cromagnon • Grimaldi • Chancelade • Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eExam-Oriented Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book includes previous-year questions on topics such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIron Age, Australopithecus, Palaeolithic environment, Mesolithic sites, Rakhigarhi, Indus Valley Civilization, Ramapithecus-Sivapithecus debate, fossil primates, Neanderthals, Homo Erectus and Thermoluminescence dating\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52634154926360,"sku":"DP23018","price":231.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_593ab7d7-25ec-46f0-90d9-d6ae85553106.jpg?v=1788849373"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-anthropology-part-v-optional-course-class-notes-english-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS Anthropology Part-V Optional Course, Class Notes, English Medium – English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDrishti IAS Anthropology Part-V – Tribal Anthropology\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComprehensive coverage of Tribal Anthropology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Civil Services Anthropology Optional preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etribal situation in India\u003c\/strong\u003e, including demography, geographical distribution and classifications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplains major\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eproblems of tribal communities\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esuch as land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, education, health and unemployment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edevelopment projects and their impact on tribals\u003c\/strong\u003e, including displacement, industrialisation, urbanisation and globalisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econstitutional and legal safeguards\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003erelated to Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes and OBCs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplains\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esocial change, ethnicity, tribalism, regionalism and autonomy\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etribal administration, policies, plans and development programmes\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor exam-oriented Anthropology Optional preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book is structured across major Tribal Anthropology themes such as tribal demography, social problems, development, constitutional safeguards, social change, ethnicity, nation-state relations, tribal administration and the role of anthropology in development.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this Book\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS Anthropology Part-V – Tribal Anthropology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptional Course book for the Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e, designed to provide systematic coverage of key issues related to tribal communities in India. It addresses the distribution and classification of tribes, their socio-economic conditions, development challenges, constitutional safeguards, cultural change and administrative policies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe opening section covers the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etribal situation in India\u003c\/strong\u003e, including phases of tribal studies, demographic and geographical distribution, classification of Indian tribal populations, linguistic and economic classifications, levels of integration and tribal religions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book also examines major issues such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eland alienation, poverty and indebtedness, shifting cultivation, tribal education and literacy, health and nutritional status, unemployment and underemployment\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA dedicated section discusses\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edevelopmental projects and their impact on tribals\u003c\/strong\u003e, covering forests, displacement, industrialisation, urbanisation, globalisation, social forestry, detribalisation, forest policy and legislative safeguards concerning land acquisition and rehabilitation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTribal Situation in India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Tribal studies, demography, distribution, classification and religion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProblems of Tribal Communities\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, shifting cultivation, education, health and unemployment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDevelopment \u0026amp; Displacement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Forest relations, development projects, industrialisation, urbanisation, globalisation and rehabilitation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSC, ST \u0026amp; OBC Issues\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Exploitation, deprivation, social mobility and constitutional\/legal safeguards\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSocial Change in Tribal Societies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Hinduization, Sanskritization, Westernization, modernization, multiculturalism and globalization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEthnicity \u0026amp; Tribalism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Ethnic identity, tribal unrest, regionalism, autonomy and social change\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReligion \u0026amp; Tribal Societies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTribe and Nation State\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Tribe, nationalism and relations between tribes and the nation-state\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTribal Administration \u0026amp; Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Tribal Panchasheel, Tribal Sub-Plan, PVTGs, NGOs, Scheduled Areas and Tribal Research Institutes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRole of Anthropology in Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Tribal and rural development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion, Ethnicity \u0026amp; Regionalism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Contribution of Anthropology to understanding different ideologies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese themes reflect the chapter structure provided in the book’s contents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Tribal Situation in India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction • Phases of Tribal Studies • Demography and Distribution of Tribes in India • Geographical Distribution • Classification of Indian Population • Linguistic Classification • Economic Classification • Levels of Integration • Religion of Tribes in India\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Problems of the Tribal Communities\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLand Alienation • Poverty and Indebtedness • Shifting Cultivation • Tribal Education and Literacy • Health \u0026amp; Nutritional Status • Unemployment and Underemployment\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Developmental Projects and their Impact on Tribals\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTribes and Forests • Displacement • Tribal Situation Before and After Independence • Industrialisation • Urbanisation • Globalisation • Social Forestry • Detribalisation • Forest Policy • Joint Forest Management • Legislative Safeguards\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Problems of Exploitation and Deprivation of SCs, STs and OBCs\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eScheduled Castes • Social Mobility • Ambedkar and Gandhi on Caste • Constitutional Safeguards • Scheduled Tribes – Constitutional and Legal Safeguards • Kalelkar Commission • Mandal Commission • Welfare Measures for OBCs\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Social Change and Contemporary Tribal Societies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHinduization and Sanskritization • Westernization and Modernization • Multiculturalism and Globalisation • Impact of Modern Democratic Institutions • Welfare Measures\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. The Concept of Ethnicity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEthnicity • Tribal Unrest • Regionalism • Demand for Autonomy • Tribalism • Social Change during Colonial and Post-Independence Period\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam on Tribal Societies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Tribe and Nation State\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTribe as a Nation • Nation-State • Nationalism • Tribes and Nation State • India and its Tribal Population\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. History of Administration of Tribal Areas, Policies, Plans \u0026amp; Programmes for Tribal Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTribal Panchasheel • Post-Independence Policies • Tribal Sub-Plan • Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups • NGOs • Development Programmes • Tribal Research Institutes • De-Notified Tribes • Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10. Role of Anthropology in Tribal and Rural Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11. Contribution of Anthropology to the Understanding of Different Ideologies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNotion of Region • Ethnicity and Regionalism among Indian Tribals • Communalism • Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eExam-Oriented Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book includes previous-year questions on topics such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eG.S. 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Anthropology\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComprehensive coverage of Indian Anthropology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Civil Services Anthropology Optional preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edemographic profile of India\u003c\/strong\u003e, including ethnic and linguistic elements, population structure, growth and population policies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplains the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etraditional Indian social system\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ethrough Varna, Ashrama, Purushartha, Rina, Karma and Rebirth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaste System in India\u003c\/strong\u003e, including Varna, Jati, Jajmani System, origin theories, dominant caste and Tribe–Caste Continuum\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSacred Complex and Nature-Man-Spirit (NMS) Complex\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eimpact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity on Indian society and culture\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiscusses\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003elinguistic and religious minorities\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand their social, political and economic status\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplains\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSanskritization, Westernization, Modernization and other socio-cultural change processes\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor exam-oriented Anthropology Optional preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book is structured around core Indian Anthropology themes including population, traditional social institutions, caste, religion, minorities and socio-cultural change.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this Book\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS Anthropology Part-VI – Indian Anthropology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptional Course book for the Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e, designed to provide systematic coverage of major themes related to Indian society and culture from an anthropological perspective.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book begins with the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDemographic Profile of India\u003c\/strong\u003e, covering methods used to understand Indian society and culture, ethnic and linguistic elements of the population, factors influencing population structure and growth, population policies, the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNational Population Policy 2000\u003c\/strong\u003e, and the role of Anthropology in population management.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt further examines the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003estructure and nature of the traditional Indian social system\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ethrough concepts such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVarna, Ashrama, Purushartha, Rina, Karma and Rebirth\u003c\/strong\u003e, followed by an extensive treatment of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaste System in India\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe later sections cover\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSacred Complex, NMS Complex, religious influences on Indian society, minority communities, Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization, Panchayati Raj, media and social change\u003c\/strong\u003e, making the book useful for a broad and integrated understanding of Indian Anthropology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDemographic Profile of India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Ethnic elements, linguistic elements, population structure, growth and policies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMethods of Studying Indian Society\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Anthropological approaches used to understand Indian society and culture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTraditional Indian Social System\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Varna, Ashrama, Purushartha, Rinas, Karma and Rebirth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCaste System in India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Definitions, structure, Varna, Jati, Jajmani System, origin theories and dominant caste\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTribe–Caste Continuum\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Relationship and transition between tribal and caste structures\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSacred Complex \u0026amp; NMS Complex\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Important anthropological concepts associated with L. P. Vidyarthi\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReligious Influence on Indian Society\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLinguistic \u0026amp; Religious Minorities\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Social, political and economic status, problems and welfare measures\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSocio-Cultural Change\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Social mobility, Sanskritization, Westernization and Modernization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChicago School of Anthropology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Contribution to the study of Indian society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePanchayati Raj \u0026amp; Social Change\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedia and Social Change\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevious Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book specifically discusses socio-cultural change through\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSanskritization, Westernization and Modernization\u003c\/strong\u003e, along with social mobility and other institutional forces of change.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Demographic Profile of India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction • Methods Used to Understand Indian Society and Culture • Ethnic (Racial) Elements in the Indian Population and Their Distribution • Linguistic Elements in the Indian Population and Their Distribution • Indian Population Factors • Structure and Growth • Population Policies in India • National Population Policy (NPP), 2000 • Role of Anthropology in Population Management\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. The Structure and Nature of Traditional Indian Social System\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction • Varna System • Ashrama System • Purushartha System • Rinas • Doctrine of Karma • Rebirth (Punarjanm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Caste System in India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction • Scholarly Definitions of Caste • Characteristics and Structure of Caste System • Varna, Jati and Caste • Jajmani System • Theories of Origin of Caste System • Dominant Caste • Future of Caste System • Tribe–Caste Continuum\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Sacred Complex and Nature-Man-Spirit (NMS) Complex\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSacred Complex • Nature-Man-Spirit Complex\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity on Indian Society\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eImpact of Buddhism • Impact of Jainism • Impact of Islam • Impact of Christianity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Linguistic and Religious Minorities and Their Social, Political and Economic Status\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReligious Minority Groups • Christian Community • Buddhist Community • Sikh Community • Jain Community • Parsi Community • Common Problems of Minorities • Welfare Measures • Linguistic Minorities\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Indigenous and Exogenous Processes of Socio-Cultural Change\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSocio-Cultural Change • Social Mobility • Sanskritization • Westernization • Modernization • Contribution of Chicago School of Anthropology • Panchayati Raj and Social Change • Media and Social Change • Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eExam-Oriented Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book includes previous-year questions on topics such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurushartha and Ashrama, Jajmani System, religious pluralism, Jainism, Sanskritization, classification of Indian populations, caste mobility, Karma and Rebirth, linguistic minorities, Westernization, Modernization, Indian anthropology scholars and caste system\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52634470613272,"sku":"DP23020","price":289.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_89157d53-fca9-436e-ac92-04e45a8c7a12.jpg?v=1788851892"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-quick-book-upsc-class-notes-combo-set-of-10-books-hindi-medium-gs-prelims-mains","title":"DRISHTI IAS UPSC Class Notes Combo, Set of 10 Books, Hindi Medium, IAS\/PCS – Hindi Medium","description":"\u003ch1\u003eDRISHTI\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIAS Class Notes Combo – Set of 10 Books | Hindi Medium | IAS\/PCS\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSet of 10 comprehensive Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovering major General Studies subjects for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIAS\/UPSC and State PCS examinations\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeography, Environment-Ecology \u0026amp; Disaster Management; Indian Society \u0026amp; Social Justice; General Science \u0026amp; Science-Technology; Internal Security; Indian Constitution \u0026amp; Polity; International Relations; Indian Economy; and Ethics\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStructured around the requirements of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCivil Services and State PCS preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubject-wise and topic-wise presentation designed for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econcept building, revision and mains-oriented preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers important static concepts along with governance, social, economic, technological, security and international issues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuitable for students who prefer consolidated\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHindi Medium UPSC Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUseful for studying multiple GS areas through a coordinated set instead of separate unstructured resources\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeveloped as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS classroom study material\u003c\/strong\u003e, designed to complement classroom preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this Class Notes Combo\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDrishti Publications presents this\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10-Book Class Notes Combo for IAS\/PCS aspirants\u003c\/strong\u003e, covering a broad range of subjects relevant to Civil Services preparation. The set brings together major areas from\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeneral Studies Papers I, II, III and IV\u003c\/strong\u003e, making it suitable for aspirants looking for structured Hindi-medium study material across the UPSC and State PCS syllabus.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach book focuses on a specific subject and provides detailed topic-wise coverage. Together, the set covers physical and Indian geography, environment and disaster management, Indian society, social justice, science and technology, polity, international relations, economy, internal security and ethics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBooks Included in the Set\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Geography, Environment-Ecology \u0026amp; Disaster Management Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geography notes cover topics ranging from the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eorigin and development of Geography, universe and solar system, origin and structure of Earth, plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, atmosphere, weather, climate and oceanography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eto regional and Indian Geography.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book combines:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhysical Geography\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳 Indian Geography\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnvironment \u0026amp; Ecology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDisaster Management\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOceanography \u0026amp; Climatology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRegional Geography\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Indian Society \u0026amp; Social Justice Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis volume is divided into\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Society\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSocial Justice\u003c\/strong\u003e. It covers major features of Indian society, women-related issues, urbanisation, impact of globalisation, social empowerment, communalism, regionalism, population, poverty and secularism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Social Justice section includes protection and welfare mechanisms for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ewomen, children, SCs, STs, OBCs, minorities, workers, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups\u003c\/strong\u003e, along with health, education, human resources, hunger and poverty-related issues.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. General Science \u0026amp; Science-Technology Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe General Science section provides structured coverage of:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePhysics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Mechanics, Waves, Sound, Optics, Heat, Electricity, Magnetism and Modern Physics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemistry\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Elements, Compounds, Atomic Structure, Chemical Bonding, Acids, Bases, Salts, Inorganic and Carbon Chemistry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Classification, Cells, Nutrition, Human Body Systems, Plant Physiology, Health, Diseases, Genetics and Evolution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Science \u0026amp; Technology section further covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiotechnology, Nanotechnology, Robotics, Superconductivity, Laser Technology, Space Technology, Information \u0026amp; Communication Technology and Defence Technology\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Internal Security Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Internal Security volume covers major issues relevant to India’s security framework, including:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBasic concepts of security\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eState and non-state actors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDevelopment and extremism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNaxalism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTerrorism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSecurity challenges in North-East India\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMedia, Social Media \u0026amp; Communalism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInformation and Communication Security\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrganised Crime \u0026amp; Terrorism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMoney Laundering\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBorder Security\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Indian Constitution \u0026amp; Polity Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis volume focuses on the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Constitution and Political System\u003c\/strong\u003e, beginning with fundamental concepts such as the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eState, Constitution, Union of India, Preamble, Citizenship and Fundamental Rights\u003c\/strong\u003e. The visual chapter structure in the provided notes shows a systematic constitutional approach suitable for polity preparation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. International Relations Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe International Relations notes cover the development of international politics, foreign policy and India’s bilateral and multilateral relations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe provided content includes dedicated chapters on\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eForeign Policy, India-Nepal Relations, India-Bangladesh Relations and India-Sri Lanka Relations\u003c\/strong\u003e, along with broader international relations themes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Indian Economy Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Indian Economy volume provides broad coverage of major economic concepts and Indian economic issues, including:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBanking \u0026amp; Financial System\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInflation \u0026amp; Business Cycle\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNational Income, Economic Growth \u0026amp; Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePublic Finance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTax Structure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLand Reforms \u0026amp; Agriculture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePublic Distribution System\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFood Security \u0026amp; Food Processing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndustrial Sector\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePoverty \u0026amp; Unemployment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEconomic Planning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCapital Market \u0026amp; Insurance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInfrastructure \u0026amp; Investment Models\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExternal Sector\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInternational Economic Organisations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInclusive \u0026amp; Sustainable Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDemography\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicroeconomics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Ethics, Integrity \u0026amp; Aptitude – GS Paper IV Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ethics notes are aligned with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeneral Studies Paper IV – Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand cover:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEthics \u0026amp; Human Interface\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHuman Values\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttitude\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAptitude and foundational Civil Service values\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmotional Intelligence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMoral Thinkers \u0026amp; Philosophers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEthics in Public Administration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAccountability \u0026amp; Ethical Governance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProbity in Governance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTransparency \u0026amp; Right to Information\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCodes of Ethics \u0026amp; Conduct\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWork Culture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorruption\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCase Studies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes also incorporate\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eprevious UPSC questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewithin relevant Ethics topics, strengthening their exam-oriented approach.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhy This 10-Book Class Notes Set is Useful\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis combo offers a broad General Studies preparation base within one coordinated collection. Instead of studying unrelated resources for every subject, aspirants can use these notes for:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Civil Services Preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eState PCS Examination Preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGS Mains Preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConceptual Understanding\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuick \u0026amp; Structured Revision\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHindi Medium Study\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTopic-wise Preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntegrated GS Revision\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe combination is particularly useful for aspirants who want extensive coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolity, Economy, Geography, Society, Ethics, Science \u0026amp; Technology, International Relations and Internal Security\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein a single class-notes set.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSuitable For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Civil Services Examination | IAS Preparation | UPSC GS Papers | State PCS | UPPSC | BPSC | MPPSC | RPSC\/RAS | JPSC | UKPSC | Other State Civil Services Examinations | Hindi Medium Aspirants\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52784651927832,"sku":"CN005","price":3999.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/transform-my-image-from-2d-into-a-3d-render.jpg?v=1789712268"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-philosophy-optional-course-set-of-4-books-class-notes-english-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS Philosophy Optional Course Set of 4 Books, Class Notes, English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDrishti IAS Philosophy Optional Course – Set of 4 Books | English Medium | UPSC Civil Services\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSet of 4 Philosophy Optional books\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovering\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Philosophy, Western Philosophy, Socio-Political Philosophy and Philosophy of Religion\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesigned for aspirants preparing for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Civil Services Examination with Philosophy as an Optional Subject\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers major\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ephilosophical schools, thinkers, concepts, arguments, theories and critical perspectives\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳 Detailed treatment of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCarvaka, Jainism, Buddhism, Nyaya-Vaishesika, Sankhya, Yoga, Mimansa, Vedanta and Sri Aurobindo\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers major Western thinkers and traditions including\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlato, Aristotle, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Kant, Hegel, Moore, Russell, Wittgenstein, Husserl, Kierkegaard, Sartre, Heidegger, Quine and Strawson\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDedicated coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEquality, Justice, Liberty, Sovereignty, State, Rights, Democracy, Marxism, Socialism, Humanism, Secularism, Gender and Caste\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes detailed study of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGod, Soul, Evil, Religious Experience, Faith, Revelation, Morality, Religious Pluralism and Religious Language\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuitable for systematic study of major themes relevant to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhilosophy Optional Paper I and Paper II\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUseful for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econcept building, philosophical comparison, critical analysis, revision and UPSC Mains answer-writing preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this Philosophy Optional Course\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDrishti IAS presents the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhilosophy Optional Course – Set of 4 Books\u003c\/strong\u003e, a structured study resource developed for aspirants preparing for the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPSC Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith Philosophy as their optional subject.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe set brings together four major areas of philosophical study:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Philosophy, Western Philosophy, Socio-Political Philosophy and Philosophy of Religion\u003c\/strong\u003e. The books cover philosophical systems, thinkers and concepts through a topic-wise approach, helping aspirants understand the development of philosophical ideas as well as the debates surrounding knowledge, reality, morality, society, religion, liberty and human existence.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe material moves from classical Indian and Western philosophical traditions to modern and contemporary philosophical issues, making the set useful for both\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etheoretical understanding and analytical preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBooks Included in the Set\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Indian Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Indian Philosophy volume covers major orthodox and heterodox schools along with important epistemological and metaphysical debates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMajor topics include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCarvaka\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJainism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnekantavada\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSyadvada \u0026amp; Sapta-Bhangi-Naya\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBondage \u0026amp; Liberation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSchools of Buddhism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNairatmyavada \/ Anattavada\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBodhisattva\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNyaya-Vaishesika\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheory of Pramanas\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf, God \u0026amp; Causation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCategories or Padarthas\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtomistic Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSankhya\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSatkaryavada\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePurusa \u0026amp; Prakriti\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiberation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYoga Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCitta, Cittavrtti, Klesas, Samadhi \u0026amp; Kaivalya\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMimansa\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEpistemology, Metaphysics, Self, God \u0026amp; Liberation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVedanta\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShankaracharya’s Advaita\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaya \u0026amp; Adhyasa\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRamanuja \u0026amp; Madhva\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheory of Validity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheory of Error\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSri Aurobindo\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInvolution \u0026amp; Evolution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegral Yoga\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book also discusses major theories of error such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSatkhyati, Akhyati, Anyathakhyati, Atmakhyati, Asatkhyati and Anirvacaniyakhyati\u003c\/strong\u003e, followed by Sri Aurobindo’s philosophical ideas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Western Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Western Philosophy book provides extensive coverage of classical, modern and contemporary Western philosophical traditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eClassical Philosophy\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlato\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheory of Ideas \/ Forms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalogy of the Cave\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAristotle\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubstance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMetaphysics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGod\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eRationalism\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDescartes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheory of Ideas\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMind-Body Dualism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpinoza\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeometrical Method\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeterminism \u0026amp; Freedom\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLeibniz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonads\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePre-Established Harmony\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eEmpiricism\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLocke\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRefutation of Innate Ideas\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBerkeley\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRefutation of Materialism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHume\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCausation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProblem of Induction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhenomenalism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eModern \u0026amp; Contemporary Philosophy\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmanuel Kant\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCritical Philosophy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCopernican Revolution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpace \u0026amp; Time\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCategories\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTranscendental Idealism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHegel\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eG.E. Moore\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBertrand Russell\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEarly Wittgenstein\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLogical Positivism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLater Wittgenstein\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhenomenology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHusserl\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExistentialism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKierkegaard\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSartre\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeidegger\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuine\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStrawson\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book also examines major philosophical transitions such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRationalism versus Empiricism\u003c\/strong\u003e, Analytical Philosophy and Existentialism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Socio-Political Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis volume focuses on major philosophical questions related to society, state, politics, justice, rights and social change.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eSocial \u0026amp; Political Ideals\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEquality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJustice\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiberty\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEquality vs Equity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eModern Theories of Justice\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAmartya Sen’s approach to Justice\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBerlin, Hobbes, J.S. Mill \u0026amp; Laski on Liberty\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eState \u0026amp; Political Authority\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSovereignty\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBodin\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAustin’s Theory of Sovereignty\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLaski\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKautilya\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSovereignty \u0026amp; Globalisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndividual and State\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRights\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDuties\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAccountability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eForms of Government\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonarchy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheocracy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDemocracy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTypes \u0026amp; Ideals of Democracy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003ePolitical Ideologies \u0026amp; Social Issues\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnarchism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarxism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocialism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHumanism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSecularism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGandhi \u0026amp; Nehru on Secularism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMulticulturalism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCrime \u0026amp; Punishment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorruption\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMass Violence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGenocide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCapital Punishment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDevelopment \u0026amp; Social Progress\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender Discrimination\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFeminism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWomen Empowerment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCaste Discrimination\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGandhi \u0026amp; Ambedkar\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4. Philosophy of Religion\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Philosophy of Religion volume examines religious concepts through a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erational, logical, comprehensive, evaluative and neutral philosophical approach\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003erather than treating them purely as matters of faith.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMajor topics include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntroduction to Philosophy of Religion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligion \u0026amp; Dharma\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligion, Theology \u0026amp; Religious Philosophy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotion of God\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttributes of God\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGod’s Relation to Man \u0026amp; the World\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndian \u0026amp; Western concepts of God\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheories of Creation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProofs for the Existence of God\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCosmological Arguments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTeleological Arguments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMoral Arguments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligious Experience-based Arguments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProblem of Evil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSoul\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmortality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRebirth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiberation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligious Knowledge\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReason\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFaith\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRevelation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligious Experience\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMysticism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligion without God\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtheism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHumanism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConfucianism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligion \u0026amp; Morality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligious Pluralism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbsolute Truth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligious Language\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book also compares different positions on the relationship between\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ereligion and morality\u003c\/strong\u003e, including whether morality depends on religion, is independent of religion, or whether the two are interdependent.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhy This Philosophy Optional Set is Useful\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis 4-book course brings together the principal areas required for a systematic study of Philosophy Optional. It allows aspirants to understand philosophers not merely as isolated thinkers but through their arguments, counter-arguments and relationships with broader philosophical traditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eThe set is particularly useful for:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUPSC Philosophy Optional Preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndian Philosophy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWestern Philosophy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocio-Political Philosophy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhilosophy of Religion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEpistemology \u0026amp; Metaphysics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCritical and Analytical Answer Writing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComparative Study of Philosophers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThinker-wise \u0026amp; Topic-wise Revision\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUPSC Mains Philosophy Preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSuitable For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUPSC Civil Services Examination | IAS Philosophy Optional | Philosophy Optional Paper I | Philosophy Optional Paper II | UPSC CSE Mains | Civil Services Philosophy Optional | English Medium Aspirants\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52638823088408,"sku":"CN009","price":1600.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_6.jpg?v=1788945951"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-philosophy-optional-course-indian-philosophy-class-notes-english-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS Philosophy Optional Course, Indian Philosophy, Class Notes, English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDRISHTI IAS Philosophy – Indian Philosophy | Optional Course for Civil Services Examination\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComprehensive coverage of Indian Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Philosophy Optional preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers major\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eorthodox and heterodox schools of Indian philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCarvaka, Jainism and Schools of Buddhism\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNyaya-Vaishesika\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith Pramanas, Self, God, Causation and Categories\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSankhya Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith Purusa, Prakriti, Satkaryavada and Liberation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYoga Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e, including Citta, Cittavrtti, Klesas, Samadhi and Kaivalya\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMimansa School\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith Epistemology, Metaphysics, Self, God and Liberation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVedanta\u003c\/strong\u003e, including Advaita, Visistadvaita and Dvaita traditions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTheory of Validity and Theory of Error\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein Indian epistemology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSri Aurobindo’s philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e, Integral Yoga and concept of evolution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesigned as an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptional Course for Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book is titled\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhilosophy – Indian Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand is structured as an Optional Course for Civil Services Examination preparation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout this Book\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS Philosophy – Indian Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis a focused study resource designed for aspirants preparing Philosophy as an Optional subject for the Civil Services Examination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book systematically covers major traditions of Indian philosophical thought, beginning with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCarvaka, Jainism and Buddhism\u003c\/strong\u003e, followed by the classical systems of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNyaya-Vaishesika, Sankhya, Yoga, Mimansa and Vedanta\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt also includes dedicated coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian epistemology\u003c\/strong\u003e, particularly the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTheory of Validity (Pramanyavada) and Theory of Error\u003c\/strong\u003e, along with the philosophical contribution of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSri Aurobindo\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis structure helps aspirants study Indian Philosophy through key themes such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emetaphysics, epistemology, ethics, causation, liberation, soul, reality and valid knowledge\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCarvaka \/ Lokayata Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJainism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnekantavada\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSyadvada \u0026amp; Sapta-Bhangi-Naya\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBondage \u0026amp; Liberation in Jainism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSchools of Buddhism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNairatmyavada \/ Anattavada\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBodhisattva\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNyaya Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTheory of Pramanas\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelf \/ Soul\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGod in Nyaya\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTheory of Causation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVaishesika \u0026amp; Padartha Theory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAtomistic Theory of Creation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSankhya Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSatkaryavada\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurusa \u0026amp; Purusa-Bahutva\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLiberation \/ Moksa\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSankhya Epistemology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYoga Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCitta \u0026amp; Cittavrtti\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKlesas\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSamadhi \u0026amp; Kaivalya\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMimansa\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMimansa Epistemology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVedanta\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvaita Vedanta\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVisistadvaita\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDvaita Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaya \u0026amp; Adhyasa\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTheory of Validity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTheory of Error\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSri Aurobindo\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInvolution \u0026amp; Evolution\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntegral Yoga\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Carvaka\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book presents\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCarvaka, also known as Lokayata or Barhaspatya\u003c\/strong\u003e, as an ancient materialist school of Indian philosophy. It discusses its materialistic, atheistic and perception-oriented approach to knowledge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Jainism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntroduction • Major Features • Metaphysics • Substance (Dravya) • Anekantavada • Jaina Epistemology • Syadvada • Sapta-Bhangi-Naya • Bondage and Liberation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Jainism section covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erealism, pluralism, Jiva-Ajiva distinction and Anekantavada\u003c\/strong\u003e, along with epistemological and metaphysical concepts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Schools of Buddhism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntroduction • Nairatmyavada \/ Anattavada • Schools of Buddhism • Bodhisattva\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe section introduces the philosophical foundation of Buddhism through the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFour Noble Truths, suffering, dependent causation and the path to Nirvana\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Nyaya-Vaishesika\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTheory of Pramanas • Upamana • Self\/Soul • God • Theory of Causation • Vaishesika • Categories (Padartha) • Atomistic Theory of Creation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book describes Nyaya as a system of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003elogical realism\u003c\/strong\u003e, emphasizing correct reasoning, valid knowledge, epistemology and liberation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Sankhya\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTheory of Causation – Satkaryavada • Forms of Satkaryavada • Purusa • Purusa-Bahutva • Liberation • Epistemology\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Sankhya section explains its dualism between\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurusa and Prakriti\u003c\/strong\u003e, plurality of selves and the causal doctrine of Satkaryavada.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Yoga Philosophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCitta • Cittavrtti • Klesas • Samadhi • Kaivalya\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book discusses Patanjali’s Yoga as a practical discipline concerned with controlling the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebody, senses and mind\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand attaining Kaivalya.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Mimansa School\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntroduction • Theory of Knowledge • Schools of Mimansa • Metaphysics • Nature of Self • God and Liberation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Mimansa section covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJaimini, Vedic testimony, Shabda, Karma, Apurva, Prabhakara and Kumarila Bhatta\u003c\/strong\u003e, together with epistemological and metaphysical themes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Vedanta\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntroduction • Shankaracharya’s Advaitavada • Maya • Adhyasa • Theory of Causation • Isvara • Self • Bondage and Liberation • Madhvacarya • Dvaitavada • Comparison of Shankara, Ramanuja and Madhva\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book explains key Vedanta schools including\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvaita, Visistadvaita and Dvaita\u003c\/strong\u003e, especially their differing views on the relationship between\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJiva and Brahman\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. Theory of Validity \u0026amp; Theory of Error\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePramanyavada • Epistemology in Indian Philosophy • Nyaya • Mimansa • Buddhism • Sankhya • Satkhyati • Akhyati • Anyathakhyati • Atmakhyati • Asatkhyati • Anirvacaniyakhyati\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe section discusses Indian epistemology through\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003evalid knowledge, invalid knowledge, sources of knowledge and theories explaining error\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10. Aurobindo\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntroduction • Concept of Mind \u0026amp; Different Stages • Involution \u0026amp; Evolution • Integral Yoga • Patanjali Yoga vs Aurobindo’s Integral Yoga • Philosophy \u0026amp; Spiritual Vision\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSri Aurobindo’s section covers his philosophy of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003espiritual evolution, Integral Yoga, Supermind and divine life on earth\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSuitable For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhilosophy Optional • UPSC Philosophy Optional • Civil Services Examination • Indian Philosophy • Indian Epistemology • Vedanta • Buddhism • Jainism • Nyaya • Sankhya • Yoga • Mimansa\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default 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format\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMicroeconomics and Macroeconomics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith core theories, models and applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistics, Econometrics and Mathematical Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInternational Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e, including trade theories, exchange rates, BOP, WTO, IMF and World Bank\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublic Economics, Money \u0026amp; Banking and Fiscal Policy\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEconomics of Growth and Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith major economists, theories and growth models\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Economics and Demography\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳 Dedicated coverage of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Economy\u003c\/strong\u003e, including agriculture, industry, services, infrastructure and economic reforms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor exam-oriented practice\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳 Prepared in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHindi Medium\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Economics Paper-II aspirants\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes are titled\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET\/JRF Arthshastra Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand follow the Economics Paper-II syllabus covering Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, Statistics \u0026amp; Econometrics, Mathematical Economics, International Economics, Public Economics, Money \u0026amp; Banking, Growth \u0026amp; Development, Environmental Economics \u0026amp; Demography, and Indian Economy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout these Class Notes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS NTA UGC NET\/JRF Arthshastra Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eare comprehensive Hindi-medium study notes designed for candidates preparing for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA UGC NET\/JRF Economics Paper-II\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book is structured according to the Economics syllabus and covers fundamental as well as advanced areas, starting with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econsumer behaviour, production and cost, market structures, factor pricing, general equilibrium and welfare economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eunder Microeconomics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Macroeconomics section includes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003enational income, output and employment, Classical and Keynesian approaches, consumption, investment, multiplier, accelerator, money demand and supply, IS-LM model, inflation, Phillips Curve, business cycles and monetary-fiscal policy\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe syllabus then progresses through\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistics \u0026amp; Econometrics, Mathematical Economics, International Economics, Public Economics, Money \u0026amp; Banking, Growth \u0026amp; Development, Environmental Economics \u0026amp; Demography and Indian Economy\u003c\/strong\u003e, providing broad Paper-II coverage in one resource.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroeconomics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Consumer Behaviour, Production, Costs, Market Structures and Factor Pricing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDecision Making under Uncertainty\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Risk and attitudes towards risk\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGame Theory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Non-Cooperative Games\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeneral Equilibrium \u0026amp; Welfare Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAsymmetric Information\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMacroeconomics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– National Income, Employment, Consumption and Investment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMoney Demand \u0026amp; Supply\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIS-LM Model\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInflation \u0026amp; Phillips Curve\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBusiness Cycles\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMonetary \u0026amp; Fiscal Policy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistics \u0026amp; Econometrics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProbability, Sampling \u0026amp; Hypothesis Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLinear Regression \u0026amp; Simultaneous Equation Models\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTime Series Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMathematical Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInternational Trade \u0026amp; International Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBalance of Payments \u0026amp; Exchange Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIMF, World Bank, GATT \u0026amp; WTO\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublic Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTaxation, Public Expenditure \u0026amp; Public Debt\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMoney \u0026amp; Banking\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCapital Market \u0026amp; Monetary Policy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEconomic Growth \u0026amp; Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDemography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Economy\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit I – Microeconomics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTheory of Consumer Behaviour • Theory of Production and Costs • Decision Making under Uncertainty • Attitude towards Risk • Game Theory • Market Structures • Competitive \u0026amp; Non-Competitive Equilibrium • Factor Pricing • General Equilibrium Analysis • Pareto Optimality • Kaldor-Hicks Criterion • Wealth Maximization • Welfare Economics • Social Welfare Function • Asymmetric Information • Adverse Selection • Moral Hazard\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe detailed content further covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eutility, consumer equilibrium, indifference curves, marginal rate of substitution, budget line, revealed preference, consumer surplus, demand, elasticity, production functions, isoquants and cost concepts\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit II – Macroeconomics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNational Income • Determination of Output \u0026amp; Employment • Classical and Keynesian Approaches • Consumption Function • Investment Function • Multiplier \u0026amp; Accelerator • Demand for Money • Supply of Money • IS-LM Model • Inflation • Phillips Curve • Business Cycles • Monetary Policy • Fiscal Policy • Rational Expectations Hypothesis\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe detailed chapters also discuss\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClassical, Keynesian, Monetarist, Supply-Side, New Classical and New Keynesian approaches\u003c\/strong\u003e, along with income determination and consumption-investment theories.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit III – Statistics \u0026amp; Econometrics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProbability Theory • Probability Distributions • Moments • Central Limit Theorem • Measures of Central Tendency • Dispersion • Correlation • Index Numbers • Sampling Methods • Sampling Distribution • Statistical Inference • Hypothesis Testing • Linear Regression Models • BLUE Properties • Identification Problem • Simultaneous Equation Models • Discrete Choice Models • Time Series Analysis\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit IV – Mathematical Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSets • Functions • Continuity • Sequence \u0026amp; Series • Differential Calculus • Linear Algebra • Matrices • Vector Spaces • Static Optimization • Input-Output Model • Linear Programming • Difference and Differential Equations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit V – International Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInternational Trade • Theories of International Trade • Trade under Imperfect Competition • Balance of Payments • Exchange Rate • Foreign Exchange Market • Arbitrage • Gains from Trade • Terms of Trade • Trade Multiplier • Tariff \u0026amp; Non-Tariff Barriers • Dumping • GATT • WTO • Regional Trade Blocs • IMF • World Bank\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit VI – Public Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMarket Failure • Asymmetric Information • Public Goods • Externalities • Market Regulation • Consumer Welfare • Public Revenue • Tax \u0026amp; Non-Tax Revenue • Direct \u0026amp; Indirect Taxes • Progressive \u0026amp; Non-Progressive Taxation • Tax Incidence • Public Expenditure • Public Debt • Government Budget • Budget Multiplier • Fiscal Policy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit VII – Money \u0026amp; Banking\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComponents of Money Supply • Central Bank • Commercial Banking • Monetary Policy Instruments • Non-Banking Financial Institutions • Capital Market and its Regulation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit VIII – Economics of Growth \u0026amp; Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEconomic Growth • Economic Development • Adam Smith • Ricardo • Marx • Schumpeter • Rostow • Balanced \u0026amp; Unbalanced Growth • Big Push Approach • Harrod-Domar Model • Solow Model • Robinson • Kaldor • Technical Progress • Endogenous Growth • PQLI • HDI • SDGs • Poverty • Inequality • Health • Education • Gender\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit IX – Environmental Economics \u0026amp; Demography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEnvironment as a Public Good • Market Failure • Coase Theorem • Cost-Benefit Analysis • Compensation Criteria • Valuation of Environmental Goods • Theories of Population • Fertility • Morbidity • Mortality • Age Structure • Demographic Dividend • Life Table • Migration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit X – Indian Economy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEconomic Growth in India • Agriculture • Industry • Services • Rural Development • Urban Development • Foreign Trade • Balance of Payments • Foreign Capital • Trade Policy • Infrastructure Development • Public-Private Partnership • Land, Labour \u0026amp; Capital Market Reforms • Centre-State Financial Relations • Finance Commissions • FRBM • Poverty • Inequality • Unemployment\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNTA UGC NET\/JRF Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes include\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET previous-year questions integrated with the subject content\u003c\/strong\u003e, helping candidates understand the actual exam pattern and test conceptual 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Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInternational Economics, Public Economics and Money \u0026amp; Banking\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEconomics of Growth and Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith major theories and growth models\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Economics and Demography\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳 Dedicated coverage of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Economy\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplains important quantitative topics such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProbability, Regression, Hypothesis Testing, Time Series, Matrices and Linear Programming\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIS-LM Model, Inflation, Phillips Curve, Business Cycles, Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCentral Banking, Commercial Banking, Capital Markets and Monetary Policy Instruments\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContains\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor exam-oriented practice\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesigned for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA UGC NET\/JRF Economics Paper-II aspirants\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳 Prepared in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHindi Medium\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDF is presented as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET\/JRF Arthshastra Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand its syllabus structure covers the major domains prescribed for Economics Paper-II.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout these Class Notes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS NTA UGC NET\/JRF Arthshastra Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eare Hindi-medium study notes designed for aspirants preparing for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEconomics Paper-II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof the NTA UGC NET\/JRF examination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe course content begins with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMicroeconomics\u003c\/strong\u003e, covering consumer behaviour, production and costs, decision-making under uncertainty, game theory, market structures, factor pricing, general equilibrium, welfare economics and asymmetric information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMacroeconomics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eportion includes national income, output and employment, Classical and Keynesian approaches, consumption and investment functions, multiplier and accelerator, money demand and supply, IS-LM analysis, inflation, Phillips Curve, business cycles, and monetary and fiscal policy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes further extend into\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistics \u0026amp; Econometrics, Mathematical Economics, International Economics, Public Economics, Money \u0026amp; Banking, Growth \u0026amp; Development, Environmental Economics \u0026amp; Demography, and Indian Economy\u003c\/strong\u003e, giving aspirants broad syllabus-oriented coverage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroeconomics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Consumer Behaviour, Production, Cost and Market Structures\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUncertainty \u0026amp; Risk\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGame Theory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeneral Equilibrium \u0026amp; Welfare Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAsymmetric Information\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMacroeconomics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNational Income\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOutput \u0026amp; Employment\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDemand \u0026amp; Supply of Money\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIS-LM Model\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInflation \u0026amp; Phillips Curve\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBusiness Cycles\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMonetary \u0026amp; Fiscal Policy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistics \u0026amp; Econometrics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProbability \u0026amp; Sampling\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHypothesis Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegression Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTime Series Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMathematical Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInternational Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBalance of Payments \u0026amp; Exchange Rates\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublic Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMoney \u0026amp; Banking\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrowth \u0026amp; Development Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDemography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Economy\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit I – Microeconomics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTheory of Consumer Behaviour • Theory of Production \u0026amp; Costs • Decision Making under Uncertainty • Attitude towards Risk • Non-Cooperative Game Theory • Competitive \u0026amp; Non-Competitive Market Structures • Factor Pricing • General Equilibrium • Pareto Optimality • Kaldor-Hicks Criterion • Wealth Maximization • Welfare Economics • Social Welfare Function • Adverse Selection • Moral Hazard\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit II – Macroeconomics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNational Income • Output \u0026amp; Employment • Classical and Keynesian Approaches • Consumption Function • Investment Function • Multiplier • Accelerator • Demand for Money • Supply of Money • IS-LM Model • Inflation • Phillips Curve • Business Cycles • Monetary Policy • Fiscal Policy • Rational Expectations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit III – Statistics \u0026amp; Econometrics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProbability Theory • Distributions • Moments • Central Limit Theorem • Measures of Central Tendency • Dispersion • Correlation • Index Numbers • Sampling • Statistical Inference • Hypothesis Testing • Linear Regression • BLUE Properties • Identification Problem • Simultaneous Equation Models • Discrete Choice Models • Time Series Analysis\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe detailed section further covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edescriptive and inferential statistics, measures of dispersion, skewness, correlation, probability, sampling, regression and econometric methodology\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDF explains Econometrics as the application of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emathematical and statistical methods to analyse economic relationships and test economic theories empirically\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit IV – Mathematical Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSets • Functions • Continuity • Sequence \u0026amp; Series • Differential Calculus • Linear Algebra • Matrices • Vector Spaces • Static Optimization • Input-Output Model • Linear Programming • Difference \u0026amp; Differential Equations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe detailed contents also include\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ematrix concepts, vector spaces, Leontief input-output models, linear programming and constrained\/unconstrained optimisation\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit V – International Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInternational Trade • Trade Theories • Trade under Imperfect Competition • Balance of Payments • Exchange Rates • Foreign Exchange Market • Arbitrage • Gains from Trade • Terms of Trade • Trade Multiplier • Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers • Dumping • GATT • WTO • Regional Trade Blocs • IMF • World Bank\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit VI – Public Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMarket Failure • Asymmetric Information • Public Goods • Externalities • Market Regulation • Consumer Welfare • Public Revenue • Direct \u0026amp; Indirect Taxes • Progressive \u0026amp; Non-Progressive Taxation • Tax Incidence • Public Expenditure • Public Debt • Government Budget • Budget Multiplier • Fiscal Policy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit VII – Money \u0026amp; Banking\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMoney Supply • Central Bank • Commercial Banking • Monetary Policy Instruments • Non-Banking Financial Institutions • Capital Market and its Regulation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit VIII – Economics of Growth \u0026amp; Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEconomic Growth • Economic Development • Adam Smith • Ricardo • Marx • Schumpeter • Rostow • Balanced \u0026amp; Unbalanced Growth • Big Push Approach • Harrod-Domar • Solow • Robinson • Kaldor • Technical Progress • Endogenous Growth • PQLI • HDI • SDGs • Poverty \u0026amp; Inequality • Health • Education • Gender\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit IX – Environmental Economics \u0026amp; Demography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEnvironment as a Public Good • Market Failure • Coase Theorem • Cost-Benefit Analysis • Valuation of Environmental Goods • Population Theories • Fertility • Morbidity • Mortality • Age Structure • Demographic Dividend • Life Table • Migration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit X – Indian Economy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEconomic Growth in India • Agriculture • Industry • Services • Rural Development • Urban Development • Foreign Trade • BOP • Foreign Capital • Trade Policies • Infrastructure Development • Public-Private Partnership • Land, Labour \u0026amp; Capital Market Reforms • Centre-State Financial Relations • Finance Commissions • FRBM • Poverty • Inequality • Unemployment\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eExam-Oriented Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe class notes include\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET previous-year questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewithin the subject sections, allowing aspirants to practice concepts in the format used in the examination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDF includes questions from sessions such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJune 2019, December 2020\/June 2021, December 2021\/June 2022, December 2022, December 2023 and June 2024\u003c\/strong\u003e, including quantitative questions from Statistics, Econometrics and Mathematical Economics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSuitable For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA UGC NET Economics • UGC NET\/JRF Economics Paper-II • Arthshastra • Economics NET Preparation • Hindi Medium UGC NET • Economics Competitive Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52643476570392,"sku":"DP24110","price":405.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_f170cfbe-20a1-4d86-a86e-475b6aad41e7.jpg?v=1789027613"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-nta-ugc-net-jrf-arthshastra-paper-ii-class-notes-unit-5-6-hindi-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS NTA UGC NET\/JRF Arthshastra Paper-II Class Notes, Unit 5 \u0026 6, Hindi Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDRISHTI IAS NTA UGC NET\/JRF Arthshastra Class Notes Part-III – International \u0026amp; Public Economics | Hindi Medium\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFocused coverage of NTA UGC NET\/JRF Economics Paper-II – Unit V \u0026amp; Unit VI\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed study of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInternational Economics and International Trade\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers major\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClassical, Modern and Alternative Theories of International Trade\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExchange Rate, Foreign Exchange Market, Purchasing Power Parity and Balance of Payments\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTerms of Trade, Trade Multiplier, Free Trade and Protection\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTariffs, Import Quotas, Non-Tariff Barriers and Dumping\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes major international institutions such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIMF, World Bank and WTO\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers important economic organisations and groupings including\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUNCTAD, ILO, WEF, OECD, FATF, ADB, EU, BRICS, ASEAN, SAARC, BIMSTEC and OPEC\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublic Economics and Public Finance\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMarket Failure, Public Goods, Merit Goods, Externalities and Asymmetric Information\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublic Revenue, Taxation, Public Expenditure and Public Debt\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFiscal Policy, Government Budget, Budget Deficits, FRBM and Finance Commission\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET Previous Years’ Questions and practice questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳 Prepared in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHindi Medium\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Economics Paper-II aspirants\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDF is presented as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET\/JRF Arthshastra Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efrom Drishti Publications and Part-III focuses primarily on\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInternational Economics and Public Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout these Class Notes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS NTA UGC NET\/JRF Arthshastra Class Notes Part-III\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eare Hindi-medium study notes designed for candidates preparing\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEconomics Paper-II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof the NTA UGC NET\/JRF examination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis part begins with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInternational Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e, covering international trade, major trade theories, free trade versus protection, terms of trade, trade multiplier, exchange-rate systems, Balance of Payments, tariffs, quotas, non-tariff barriers, dumping and global economic institutions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe second major section is\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublic Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e, which covers public finance, public and merit goods, market failure, asymmetric information, externalities, market regulation, taxation, public expenditure, public debt, fiscal policy, government budgeting, deficits, FRBM and the Finance Commission.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDF also integrates\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eexam-oriented questions from NTA\/UGC-NET sessions\u003c\/strong\u003e, helping learners connect theoretical concepts with actual question patterns.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInternational Trade\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClassical Theories of Trade\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModern Trade Theories\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlternative Trade Theories\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFree Trade vs Protection\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTerms of Trade\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrade Multiplier\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eForeign Exchange Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eForeign Exchange Market\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurchasing Power Parity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBalance of Payments\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTariffs \u0026amp; Import Quotas\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Tariff Barriers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDumping\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInternational Economic Organisations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIMF \u0026amp; World Bank Group\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWTO \u0026amp; International Trade Agreements\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegional Economic Groupings\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublic Finance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMarket Failure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublic, Private \u0026amp; Merit Goods\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAsymmetric Information\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExternalities\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublic Revenue\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDirect \u0026amp; Indirect Taxation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTax Incidence \u0026amp; Tax Impact\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublic Expenditure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublic Debt\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFiscal Policy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGovernment Budget\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFiscal, Revenue \u0026amp; Primary Deficits\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFRBM Act\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFinance Commission\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBudget Multiplier\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit V – International Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. International Trade\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning \u0026amp; Definitions of International Trade • Features of International Trade • Benefits of International Trade • Analytical Methods • International vs Inter-Regional Trade • Need for a Separate Theory of International Trade\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe detailed chapter explains International Trade as the exchange of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003egoods and services between nations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand discusses its relationship with specialisation, division of labour, market expansion and economic development.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Major Theories of International Trade\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClassical Theories\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdam Smith’s Absolute Cost Difference Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRicardo’s Comparative Cost Difference Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHaberler’s Opportunity Cost Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJ.S. Mill’s Reciprocal Demand Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModern Theories\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeckscher–Ohlin Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSamuelson’s Factor Price Equalisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLinder Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKravis Availability Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRybczynski Theorem\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStolper–Samuelson Theorem\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlternative Theories\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTechnology Gap Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProduct Life Cycle Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEconomies of Scale and International Trade\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGravity Model of International Trade\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Free Trade vs Protection\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFree Trade • Arguments in Favour of Free Trade • Arguments Against Free Trade • Protection • Arguments for Protection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Terms of Trade \u0026amp; Trade Multiplier\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning • Types • Determination • Factors Affecting Terms of Trade • Problems in Measurement • Definition and Working of Trade Multiplier\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Trade Under Imperfect Competition\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModels of Imperfect Competition • Equilibrium in Closed Economy • Firm Equilibrium under Monopolistic Competition • Opening of Trade • Equilibrium under Monopolistic Competition\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Foreign Exchange Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFixed Exchange Rate • Flexible Exchange Rate • Intermediate Exchange Rate Systems • Demand and Supply of Foreign Exchange • Equilibrium Exchange Rate • Mint Parity Theory • Purchasing Power Parity Theory • Balance of Payments Theory\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Balance of Payments\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning of Balance of Payments • Components • Balance of Payments vs Balance of Trade • Measures for Correcting BOP • Adjustment Mechanisms\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Tariffs, Quotas, Non-Tariff Barriers \u0026amp; Dumping\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTariff • Types of Tariffs • Effects of Tariffs • Import Quotas • Import Licensing • Non-Tariff Barriers • Dumping • Objectives and Conditions for Dumping\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. International Economic Organisations \u0026amp; Agreements\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes cover a wide range of global and regional institutions, including:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIMF • World Bank Group • WTO • UNCTAD • ILO • WEF • OECD • FATF • FAO • UNIDO • ADB • African Development Bank • European Union • BRICS • New Development Bank • AIIB • ASEAN • SAARC • SAFTA • BIMSTEC • IORA • OPEC • APEC • GCC • SCO • RCEP • TPP • IBSA • BASIC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe International Economics section also covers terminology such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFDI, FTA, SDR, SEZ, IMF, IBRD, World Bank, UNCTAD, FATF and RCEP\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eUnit VI – Public Economics\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Public Finance \u0026amp; Related Concepts\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning of Public Finance • Importance • Subject Matter • Public Goods • Private Goods • Merit Goods\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Market Failure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning • Causes • Consequences • Asymmetric Information • Types \u0026amp; Effects • Externalities • Types • Examples • Corrective Measures\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Market Regulation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning of Market Regulation • Fraudulent Market Regulation • Major Strategies • Economic Effects of Regulation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Public Revenue\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning • Types • Sources • Importance • Challenges associated with Public Revenue\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Taxation \u0026amp; Related Theories\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning of Tax • Direct Tax • Indirect Tax • Progressive Tax • Proportional Tax • Regressive Tax • Characteristics of a Good Tax System • Canons of Taxation • Ability-to-Pay Principle\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Tax Impact, Incidence \u0026amp; Shifting\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEffects of Taxation • Effect on Production • Distribution • Resource Allocation • Impact and Incidence of Tax • Tax Shifting\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Public Expenditure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTypes of Public Expenditure • Causes for Growth of Public Expenditure • Economic Effects • Wagner’s Law • Wiseman-Peacock Hypothesis • Colin Clark’s Critical Limit • Principle of Maximum Social Advantage\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Public Debt\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning of Public Debt • Internal \u0026amp; External Debt • Causes of Growth of Public Debt • Redemption of Public Debt • Debt Management\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. Fiscal Policy \u0026amp; Budget\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning of Fiscal Policy • Fiscal Policy and Economic Development • Implications • Government Budget • Budget Formation • Types of Budget • Budget Deficit • Fiscal Vicious Cycle • FRBM Act, 2003 • Finance Commission\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10. Budget Multiplier\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning of Budget Multiplier • Theory • Types and Formulae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Public Economics section also includes important terms such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGST, Fiscal Deficit, Revenue Deficit, Primary Deficit, Laffer Curve, Deficit Financing, Consolidated Fund and Public Account Fund\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNTA UGC NET\/JRF Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes contain\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET questions integrated with the chapters\u003c\/strong\u003e, including questions on International Trade, Exchange Rates, Balance of Payments, WTO, tariffs, taxation, Finance Commission, fiscal deficits and public finance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDF includes questions from exam cycles such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDecember 2019, June 2020, December 2020\/June 2021, June 2022, December 2022, June 2023 and June 2024 Re-exam\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSuitable For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA UGC NET Economics • UGC NET\/JRF Economics Paper-II • Economics Class Notes • Arthshastra Hindi Medium • International Economics • Public Economics • NET\/JRF Economics Preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52643751297304,"sku":"DP24163","price":289.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_c6462fc4-601b-41fb-aa29-03286bb61530.jpg?v=1789028439"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-nta-ugc-net-jrf-arthshastra-paper-ii-class-notes-unit-7-8-hindi-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS NTA UGC NET\/JRF Arthshastra Paper-II Class Notes, Unit 7 \u0026 8, Hindi Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDRISHTI IAS NTA UGC NET\/JRF Arthshastra Class Notes Part-IV – Money \u0026amp; Banking + Economics of Growth \u0026amp; Development | Hindi Medium\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFocused coverage of NTA UGC NET\/JRF Economics Paper-II – Unit VII \u0026amp; Unit VIII\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMoney, Money Supply and Demand for Money\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCentral Banking, RBI, Commercial Banks and Cooperative Banks\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMonetary Policy, Credit Creation and Credit Control\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNBFCs, Regional Rural Banks, Development Banks and Small Finance Banks\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes contemporary banking concepts such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPI, BHIM, Financial Inclusion, P2P Lending and Digital Money\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInsurance and Capital Markets in India\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInflation, Phillips Curve and Business Cycles\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEconomic Growth and Economic Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers major development thinkers and theories including\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdam Smith, Ricardo, Karl Marx, Schumpeter and Rostow\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes major growth models such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHarrod-Domar, Solow, Joan Robinson and Kaldor\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTechnical Progress and Endogenous Growth\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePQLI, HDI, SDGs, Poverty, Inequality and Social Sector Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET Previous Years’ Questions and practice questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳 Prepared in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHindi Medium\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Economics Paper-II aspirants\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDF is presented as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET\/JRF Arthshastra Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efrom Drishti Publications and this part specifically concentrates on\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit VII – Money \u0026amp; Banking\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit VIII – Economics of Growth and Development\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout these Class Notes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS NTA UGC NET\/JRF Arthshastra Class Notes Part-IV\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eare Hindi-medium study notes designed for aspirants preparing\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEconomics Paper-II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof the NTA UGC NET\/JRF examination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first major section,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMoney and Banking\u003c\/strong\u003e, covers the nature and definitions of money, types and functions of money, monetary theories, demand and supply of money, banking systems, RBI, commercial banking, NBFCs, credit creation, monetary policy, insurance, capital markets, inflation and business cycles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe second major section,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEconomics of Growth and Development\u003c\/strong\u003e, examines economic growth versus economic development, measurement of development, characteristics of developing economies, determinants and stages of development, major development theories, growth models, technical progress, poverty, inequality and social-sector development.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNature \u0026amp; Definitions of Money\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypes and Functions of Money\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuantity Theory of Money\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFisher \u0026amp; Cambridge Approaches\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDemand for Money\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupply of Money\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMeasurement of Money Supply in India\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCentral Banking\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReserve Bank of India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommercial Banking\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCooperative Banks\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegional Rural Banks\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDevelopment Banks \u0026amp; Small Finance Banks\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePayment Banks\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNBFCs\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Performing Assets\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCapital Adequacy Ratio \u0026amp; Basel Norms\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUPI \u0026amp; BHIM\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFinancial Inclusion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCredit Creation \u0026amp; Credit Control\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMonetary Policy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInsurance Market\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCapital Market \u0026amp; Securities Market\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSEBI, Sensex \u0026amp; Nifty\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDerivatives, Bonds \u0026amp; Mutual Funds\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInflation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhillips Curve\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBusiness Cycles\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEconomic Growth \u0026amp; Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDevelopment Theories\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrowth Models\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTechnical Progress\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePQLI, HDI \u0026amp; SDGs\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePoverty \u0026amp; Inequality\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHealth, Education \u0026amp; Gender Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit VII – Money and Banking\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Nature and Definitions of Money\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNature of Money • Theoretical and Empirical Definitions • Traditional Definitions • Friedman • Radcliffe • Gurley-Shaw • Pesek-Saving\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes examine money through different theoretical perspectives and also discuss its functions as a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emedium of exchange, unit of account and store of value\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Money – Types and Functions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDefinition of Money • Types of Money • Legal Tender Money • Token Money • Standard Money • Plastic Money • Near Money • Hot Money • Metallic Money • Paper Money • Digital Money • Primary and Secondary Functions of Money\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Monetary Theory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQuantity Theory of Money • Fisher Approach • Cambridge Cash Balance Approach • Marshall Equation • Pigou Equation • Robertson Equation • Keynes Equation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Demand for Money\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClassical Approach • Keynesian Approach • Post-Keynesian Approach\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDF also references important monetary concepts and thinkers including\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTobin’s Portfolio Approach, Baumol’s Inventory Approach, Friedman’s Reformulated Quantity Theory and Patinkin’s Real Balance Effect\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Supply of Money\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning and Definitions • Traditional View • Chicago\/Monetarist Approach • Gurley-Shaw Approach • Central Banking\/Radcliffe Approach • Measurement of Money Supply in India • Effective Money Supply • Velocity of Money • Determinants of Money Supply\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Banking System\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCentral Bank • Reserve Bank of India • Commercial Banks • Cooperative Banks • Regional Rural Banks • Development Banks • Small Finance Banks • Payment Banks • Non-Banking Financial Institutions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe banking section further includes issues such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePriority Sector Lending, NPAs, Twin Balance Sheet Problem, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Basel Norms and Prompt Corrective Action\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt also includes contemporary concepts such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBitcoin, UPI, BHIM App, P2P Lending and Financial Inclusion\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Credit Creation \u0026amp; Credit Control\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning and Types of Credit • Objectives of Credit • Credit Creation by Banks • Limitations • Quantitative Credit Control • Qualitative\/Selective Credit Control • Monetary Policy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Insurance \u0026amp; Capital Market in India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInsurance • IRDAI • Types of Insurance • LIC • General Insurance • Reinsurance • Capital Market • Securities Market • SEBI • Stock Market • Sensex • Nifty • Bankex • Spot Exchange • Derivatives • Futures Market\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes further cover capital-market terminology including\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDebentures, Bonds, Zero-Coupon Bonds, Inflation-Indexed Bonds, Municipal Bonds, Gilt-Edged Market, Mutual Funds, Participatory Notes and Market Capitalisation\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. Inflation \u0026amp; Business Cycles\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInflation • Deflation • Disinflation • Reflation • Stagflation • Types of Inflation • Demand-Pull Inflation • Cost-Push Inflation • Inflation Indicators • WPI • CPI • GDP Deflator • Effects of Inflation • Inflation-Control Measures • Business Cycle and its Phases\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eUnit VIII – Economics of Growth and Development\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Economic Growth \u0026amp; Economic Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDefinitions • Nature of Economic Development • Static and Dynamic Economics • Difference between Economic Growth and Development\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes distinguish economic growth as mainly a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003equantitative increase in output and income\u003c\/strong\u003e, while economic development additionally includes structural, institutional, technological and socio-economic improvements.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Measurement \u0026amp; Indicators of Economic Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning of Economic Development • Measurement • Gross National Product • Per Capita Income • Economic Welfare • Basic Needs • Major Indicators of Economic Development\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Developing Economies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning of Underdeveloped\/Developing Economy • Characteristics • Problems of Developing Countries\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Determinants \u0026amp; Stages of Economic Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDeterminants of Development • Principal and Complementary Factors • Stages of Economic Development • Frederick List • Hildebrand • Karl Marx • Colin Clark • Rostow\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRostow’s model is discussed through five stages:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTraditional Society, Preconditions for Take-Off, Take-Off, Drive to Maturity and Age of High Mass Consumption\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Theories of Economic Development \u0026amp; Growth\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClassical Theory • Adam Smith • Ricardo • Karl Marx • Schumpeter • Rostow • Nurkse’s Vicious Circle of Poverty • Balanced Growth • Unbalanced Growth\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Major Economic Growth Models\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHarrod Model • Domar Model • Joan Robinson’s Capital Accumulation Theory • Solow Long-Run Growth Model • Kaldor Distribution Model\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Solow section includes the production function, major components, graphical explanation, importance and limitations of the model.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Technical Progress\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTechnical Change • Neutral Technical Change • Types of Neutral Technical Change • Non-Neutral Technical Change • Effect of Technical Change on Economic Growth\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Poverty \u0026amp; Inequality\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning and Types of Poverty • Causes • Measurement • Meaning of Inequality • Causes and Measurement • Effects of Poverty \u0026amp; Inequality • Measures for Reduction\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. Social Sector Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHealth • Education • Gender Perspective • Dimensions and Importance of Social Sector Development\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe prescribed Unit VIII syllabus also explicitly includes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePQLI, HDI, SDGs, poverty, inequalities, health, education and gender\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNTA UGC NET\/JRF Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes include\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET previous-year and practice questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eacross Money \u0026amp; Banking and Growth \u0026amp; Development. The Money \u0026amp; Banking section includes exam-oriented questions on monetary theories, banking legislation and related concepts, while Growth \u0026amp; Development includes questions on development theories, economists and models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSuitable For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA UGC NET Economics • UGC NET\/JRF Economics Paper-II • Arthshastra Hindi Medium • Money \u0026amp; Banking • Economics of Growth and Development • Economics NET\/JRF Preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52644641702168,"sku":"DP24172","price":347.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_98a7754d-1d7b-40d8-a17c-86aeecdc5351.jpg?v=1789032488"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-nta-ugc-net-jrf-arthshastra-paper-ii-class-notes-unit-9-10-hindi-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS NTA UGC NET\/JRF Arthshastra Paper-II Class Notes, Unit 9 \u0026 10, Hindi Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDrishti IAS NTA UGC NET\/JRF Arthshastra Class Notes Part-V – Environmental Economics, Demography \u0026amp; Indian Economy | Hindi Medium\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFocused coverage of NTA UGC NET\/JRF Economics Paper-II – Unit IX \u0026amp; Unit X\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e, its concepts, objectives and importance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironment as a Public Good, Market Failure and Environmental Valuation\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCoase Theorem, Cost-Benefit Analysis and Compensation Criteria\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers different approaches to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eValuation and Pricing of Environmental Goods\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDemography and Population Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFertility, Mortality, Sex Ratio, Population Density, Dependency Ratio and Life Table\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDemographic Dividend, Population Pyramid and Population Policy\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMigration – Types, Causes, Consequences and Climate Migration\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳 Comprehensive coverage of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Economy\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNational Income, Economic Growth, Human Development and Poverty\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLand Reforms, Agriculture, Agricultural Finance and Food Security\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndustrial Development, MSMEs, Public Sector Enterprises and Disinvestment\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFood Processing Industry\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndustrial Finance, Labour Reforms, Rural and Urban Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnemployment, Poverty and Social Sector issues\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET Previous Years’ Questions and practice questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳 Prepared in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHindi Medium\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Economics Paper-II aspirants\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDF is presented as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET\/JRF Arthshastra Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efrom Drishti Publications, and Part-V focuses on\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit IX – Environmental Economics \u0026amp; Demography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit X – Indian Economy\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout these Class Notes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS NTA UGC NET\/JRF Arthshastra Class Notes Part-V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eare Hindi-medium study notes designed for aspirants preparing\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEconomics Paper-II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof the NTA UGC NET\/JRF examination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first major section,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Economics and Demography\u003c\/strong\u003e, covers environmental economics as a discipline, environment as a public good, environmental quality, valuation of environmental goods, market failure, Coase Theorem, Cost-Benefit Analysis, compensation criteria and population-related concepts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe demographic portion includes important indicators and concepts such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebirth rate, death rate, sex ratio, infant mortality, literacy, fertility, population density, dependency ratio, life expectancy, demographic dividend, population pyramid, migration and India’s population policy\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe second major section,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Economy\u003c\/strong\u003e, offers extensive coverage of national income, economic development, agriculture, land reforms, food processing, industrial development, MSMEs, services, rural development, urban development, labour reforms, poverty, unemployment and food security.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Areas Covered\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Economics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironment as a Public Good\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMarket Failure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCoase Theorem\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost-Benefit Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompensation Criteria\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental Valuation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePricing of Environmental Goods\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePopulation Theories\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBirth Rate \u0026amp; Fertility\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMortality \u0026amp; Infant Mortality\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSex Ratio\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePopulation Density\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDependency Ratio\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDemographic Dividend\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLife Table\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePopulation Pyramid\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🇮🇳\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePopulation Policy of India\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMigration\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Economy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNational Income\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEconomic Growth \u0026amp; Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLand Reforms\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAgriculture\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAgricultural Finance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNABARD\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMSP \u0026amp; Agricultural Price Policy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWTO \u0026amp; Agricultural Subsidies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFood Processing Industry\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndustrial Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublic Sector Enterprises\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisinvestment\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMSME Sector\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndustrial Finance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndustrial Labour\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eService Sector\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRural Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUrban Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLabour Reforms\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePoverty\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnemployment\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFood Security\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit IX – Environmental Economics \u0026amp; Demography\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Environmental Economics – Introduction \u0026amp; Importance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning and Definitions • Objectives • Major Dimensions • Important Concepts • Principles of Environmental Economics • Solutions to Environmental Problems • Importance • Limitations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Environment as a Public Good\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDefinition of Public Goods • Environment as a Public Good • Problems in Managing Environment as a Public Good • Measures for Conservation • Importance of Environmental Protection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Environmental Quality \u0026amp; Valuation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning, Components and Importance of Environmental Quality • Meaning of Environmental Goods • Valuation of Environmental Goods\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Market Failure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning of Market Failure • Major Causes • Solutions • Examples\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Coase Theorem\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExplanation • Conditions • Major Ideas • Examples • Benefits • Limitations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes also identify\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRonald Coase\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith the Coase Theorem and include Environmental Kuznets Curve and demographic transition among important theories.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Cost-Benefit Analysis \u0026amp; Compensation Criteria\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExplanation • Stages • Evaluation • Utility • Advantages • Limitations • Compensation Criteria and its applications\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Pricing of Environmental Goods\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning • Need • Methods of Pricing Environmental Goods • Challenges • Importance\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes include terminology such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExternalities, Sustainable Development, Gross Environment Product, Hedonic Pricing, Biodiversity, Environmental Tax, Market Failure, Replacement Cost and Cost-Benefit Analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Demography \u0026amp; Population Concepts\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePopulation Theories • Crude Birth Rate • Crude Death Rate • Population Growth Rate • Sex Ratio • Infant Mortality • Child Mortality • Literacy • Malnutrition • Total Fertility Rate • Population Density • Dependency Ratio • Life Expectancy • Demographic Trends • Working Population • Demographic Dividend\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PDF also covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNet Reproduction Rate and Life Table\u003c\/strong\u003e, with Life Table used to analyse mortality and life expectancy across age groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. Population Policy, Census \u0026amp; Migration\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndia’s Population Policy • National Population Policy 2000 • Population Pyramid • Census in India • Socio-Economic and Caste Census 2011 • Census 2011 • Migration – Types, Causes \u0026amp; Consequences • Policies for Rehabilitation of Climate Migrants\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e🇮🇳 Unit X – Indian Economy\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Indian Economy – Nature \u0026amp; Structure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCapitalist Economy • Socialist Economy • Mixed Economy • Traditional Characteristics • Emerging Trends • Contemporary Challenges\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. National Income\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning and Concepts • Marshall, Pigou \u0026amp; Fisher • GDP • GNP • NDP • NNP • Gross Value Added • Personal Income • Disposable Income • Per Capita Income • Methods of Measuring National Income\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe notes also discuss changes in the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emethod and base year used for national income measurement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand concepts such as GDP and GVA.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Economic Growth, Development \u0026amp; Human Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEconomic Growth • Economic Development • Intra-Generational \u0026amp; Inter-Generational Equity • Recovery Patterns • Human Development • Human Development Index • Multidimensional Poverty Index • Growth without Development\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Land Reforms\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZamindari System • Ryotwari System • Mahalwari System • Abolition of Intermediaries • Tenancy Reforms • Consolidation of Land Holdings • Constitutional \u0026amp; Legal Measures • Model Agricultural Land Leasing Act 2016 • SVAMITVA Scheme\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Agriculture Sector\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRole of Agriculture in Indian Economy • Characteristics \u0026amp; Problems of Indian Agriculture • Institutional \u0026amp; Technological Reforms • Crop Types • Contract Farming • Green Revolution • Agricultural Finance • Kisan Credit Card • NABARD • Agricultural Price Policy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe agriculture section further covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommission for Agricultural Costs and Prices, Minimum Support Price, Agricultural Marketing, Agricultural Export Policy, WTO agricultural subsidies and government programmes for agricultural development\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Food Processing Industry\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning \u0026amp; Types of Food Processing • Importance • Opportunities • Challenges • SWOT Analysis • Supply Chain Management • FDI • Mega Food Parks • Food Safety and Standards Act • FSSAI • National Food Processing Mission • PM Kisan Sampada Yojana\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Industrial Development \u0026amp; Industrial Policy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrialisation in India • Industrial Development after Independence • Industrial Policies from 1948 to 1991 • DPIIT • Public Sector Enterprises • Maharatna • Navratna • Miniratna • Disinvestment • Industrial Sickness • National Manufacturing Policy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. MSME Sector \u0026amp; Industrial Finance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClassification of MSMEs • Importance of MSMEs • Credit Access • Market Access • Technology Upgradation • Ease of Doing Business • Cottage Industries • Sources of Industrial Finance • SIDBI • Industrial Finance Institutions • Foreign Capital Inflow\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. Industrial Development Programmes \u0026amp; Labour\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMake in India • Invest India • Startup India • Stand-Up India • Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana • National Capital Goods Policy • National Infrastructure Pipeline • PM Gati Shakti • Industrial Labour • Industrial Disputes • Social Security\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10. Service Sector\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePerformance of Service Sector • Gross Value Added • Trade in Services • FDI • Space Services • Ports and Shipping • Startups • Patents • Tourism-related Policies • GATS • Challenges \u0026amp; Government Initiatives\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11. Rural \u0026amp; Urban Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConcept and Major Issues of Rural Development • Challenges • Government Initiatives • Role of NITI Aayog • Urban Development • Objectives • Issues \u0026amp; Challenges\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12. Labour Reforms\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning \u0026amp; Need of Labour Reforms • Labour Codes • Major Legal Provisions • Challenges • Government Initiatives\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13. Poverty\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbsolute Poverty • Relative Poverty • Lorenz Curve • Gini Coefficient • Poverty Estimation Committees • Causes of Poverty • Poverty Reduction Approaches • Universal Basic Income • Government Poverty-Alleviation Programmes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14. Unemployment\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning • Urban \u0026amp; Rural Unemployment • Open, Structural, Underemployment, Frictional \u0026amp; Cyclical Unemployment • Usual Status • Weekly Status • Daily Status • Causes • Economic \u0026amp; Social Consequences • Employment Programmes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15. Food Security\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeaning and Importance • Food Security Network • Public Distribution System • One Nation One Ration Card • Antyodaya Anna Yojana • Integrated Child Development Services • National Food Security Act 2013 and related programmes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNTA UGC NET\/JRF Previous Years’ Questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe class notes include\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET previous-year and practice questions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003erelated to Environmental Economics, Demography and the Indian Economy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Environmental Economics section includes questions on topics such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eecological footprint, pollution tax, environmental valuation, population growth, market failure and demographic concepts\u003c\/strong\u003e, including questions from the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJune 2024 Re-exam\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Indian Economy portion also contains exam questions on\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003efiscal deficit, primary deficit, revenue deficit, twin deficit, agriculture, poverty, economic openness and development indicators\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSuitable For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA UGC NET Economics • UGC NET\/JRF Economics Paper-II • Arthshastra Hindi Medium • Environmental Economics • Demography • Indian Economy • Economics NET\/JRF Preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h1\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52644921901336,"sku":"DP24187","price":289.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_e3f34739-eadf-4e56-be2d-1bf03095f08b.jpg?v=1789033383"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-psychology-optional-course-class-notes-set-of-3-for-upsc-civil-services-examination","title":"DRISHTI IAS Psychology Optional Course Class Notes Set of 3, for UPSC Civil Services Examination – English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDRISHTI\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIAS Psychology Optional Course – Set of 3 Books | English Medium | For Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComplete 3-Book Psychology Optional Course Set\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor Civil Services Examination\u003cbr\u003eStructured coverage of core, cognitive, abnormal, social and applied areas of Psychology\u003cbr\u003eCovers major concepts including Personality, Learning, Memory, Perception, Intelligence, Motivation and Emotion\u003cbr\u003eDedicated coverage of Social Psychology, Gender, Attitude, Values, Prejudice and Social Integration\u003cbr\u003eDetailed treatment of Abnormal Psychology, Mental Disorders and Therapeutic Approaches\u003cbr\u003eIncludes important psychological theories, approaches, researchers and conceptual frameworks\u003cbr\u003eDesigned to support systematic preparation of Psychology as an Optional subject\u003cbr\u003eEnglish Medium study material from Drishti Publications\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe three books together cover topics ranging from the foundations of psychology and personality theories to learning, memory, intelligence, abnormal psychology, social behaviour, motivation, emotion and communication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbout this Psychology Optional Course\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDRISHTI\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIAS Psychology Optional Course is a comprehensive\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eset of three books\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edeveloped for aspirants preparing Psychology for the Civil Services Examination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe course begins with the foundations and historical development of Psychology before moving into important theoretical and applied areas. It explains Psychology as the scientific study of mental processes and behaviour and introduces the development of psychology as a distinct scientific discipline along with major schools and approaches.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcross the three volumes, learners are introduced to key psychological constructs such as personality, learning, memory, sensation, attention, perception, intelligence, aptitude, thinking, problem solving, motivation, emotion, attitudes, values, prejudice, gender and communication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe material also covers abnormal behaviour, personality disorders, mental health and therapeutic approaches, thereby bringing together fundamental, cognitive, social and applied dimensions of Psychology. Book-II, for instance, specifically covers mental disorders, anxiety disorders, phobias, panic disorders, mood disorders, intelligence and aptitude, thinking and problem solving, and therapeutic approaches.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe content is arranged topic-wise so that aspirants can progressively develop conceptual understanding and connect important theories, approaches and psychological processes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePsychology Book-I – Foundations, Personality \u0026amp; Cognitive Processes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBook-I builds the foundation of Psychology and focuses extensively on important areas of general and cognitive psychology. Its major sections include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Introduction\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeaning and scope of Psychology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHistorical development of Psychology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePsychology as a science\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMajor schools and approaches in Psychology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe introductory section explains Psychology as the scientific study of mental processes and behaviour and traces the subject from its philosophical origins to its emergence as an experimental science.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Personality\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConcept and Definition of Personality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApproaches and Theories of Personality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePsychoanalytical Approach\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDevelopment of Super Ego\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntra-Psychic Struggle\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLevels of Consciousness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFreud's Psychoanalytical Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeo-Freudians\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdler's Individual Psychology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInteractionist Approach to Personality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHarry Stack Sullivan's Interpersonal Approach\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBehaviouristic Approach to Personality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDevelopment of Self-Concept\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFunctional Autonomy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePropium\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrait and Type Approach\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrait Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeasurement of Personality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Learning\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConcepts and Theories of Learning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBehaviourist, Gestaltist and Information Processing approaches\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClassical and Operant Conditioning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExtinction, Discrimination and Generalization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReinforcement and Schedules of Reinforcement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEscape, Avoidance and Punishment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eModelling and Social Learning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlbert Bandura's Social Learning Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProgrammed Learning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Instructional Learning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePiaget's Theory of Cognitive Development and Learning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInsight Learning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProbability Learning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Learning section includes behaviourist and cognitive perspectives and examines how behaviour changes through practice, experience and environmental stimulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Memory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApproaches to the Study of Memory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInformation Processing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmediate, Short-Term and Long-Term Memory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEncoding, Storage and Retrieval\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNetworking Model\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpreading Activation Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEpisodic Memory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEncoding and Storage in Long-Term Memory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLevels of Processing Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Reference Effect\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eForgetting and Theories of Forgetting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecay or Disuse Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsolidation Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRetrograde Amnesia\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEncoding Specificity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePsychoanalytical Theory of Forgetting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe material discusses memory through concepts such as encoding, storage and retrieval and distinguishes immediate, short-term and long-term memory systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Sensation, Attention \u0026amp; Perception\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelective Attention\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFocused Visual Attention\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDepth Perception\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerceptual Organisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrganising the Perceptual World\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eObject Perception\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerceptual Constancies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVigilance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt also discusses selective attention and related experimental approaches, including the problem of attending to one message while competing stimuli are present.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePsychology Book-II – Abnormal, Contemporary \u0026amp; Cognitive Psychology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBook-II moves into abnormal psychology, consciousness, intelligence, problem solving and psychological therapies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Abnormal Psychology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMental Disorders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePersonality Disorders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCausal Factors in Personality Disorders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiological, Psychological and Socio-Cultural Factors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTreatments and Outcomes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnxiety Disorders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhobias\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePanic Disorders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePost-Traumatic Stress and Catastrophic Events\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMood Disorders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuicide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMental Health\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe section examines abnormal behaviour through statistical, socio-cultural and psychological perspectives and discusses biological, psychological and socio-cultural causal factors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Contemporary Issues in Psychology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsciousness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNormal Waking Consciousness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntrospection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStream of Consciousness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubconscious Mental Activity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSleep and Dreaming\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeditation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHypnosis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAltered States of Consciousness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSimulation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDendral\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe material explores consciousness and discusses the transition from early introspective methods to newer approaches to studying conscious experience.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Intelligence \u0026amp; Aptitude\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntelligence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApproaches to Intelligence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheories of Intelligence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmotional Intelligence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntelligence Testing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnvironmental Influences on Intelligence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe text discusses multiple approaches to defining and studying intelligence, including theoretical and empirical perspectives.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Thinking \u0026amp; Problem Solving\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePiaget's Theory of Cognitive Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCognitive Structure and Cognitive Functioning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConcept Formation Processes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInformation Processing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReasoning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProblem Solving\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFacilitating and Hindering Factors in Problem Solving\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMethods of Problem Solving\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCreative Thinking\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFostering Creativity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecision Making and Judgement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecent Trends\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese topics are explicitly outlined in the Thinking and Problem Solving section of Book-II.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Therapeutic Approaches\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePsychodynamic Therapy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBehavioural Therapy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTherapy for Interpersonal Relationships\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMental Health\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePositive Health\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWell-Being\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStress\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePsychology Book-III – Social Psychology, Motivation \u0026amp; Communication\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBook-III focuses on social and motivational aspects of human behaviour along with gender psychology, attitudes and communication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Attitude, Values \u0026amp; Interest\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComponents of Attitudes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCognitive Component\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAffective Component\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBehavioural Component\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrganisation of Attitudes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndividual Social Behaviour\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCognitive Dissonance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFactors Influencing Dissonance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePersuasion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttitude Change\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eValues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFunctions of Attitudes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe text explains attitudes through cognitive, affective and behavioural components and examines how attitudes are formed, maintained and changed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Social Integration \u0026amp; Prejudice\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Integration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNational and International Integration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Behaviour\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrejudice\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCultural and Social Influences\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIssues affecting Social Integration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe section defines social integration both as a process and as a goal involving administrative, political and emotional integration within society.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Psychology of Gender\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDevelopment of Sex-Typed Behaviour\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender Identity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender Stability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender Consistency\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Learning Perspectives\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCognitive Development Perspective\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEvidence relating to Gender Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender Discrimination\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBook-III includes the development of sex-typed behaviour and gender discrimination as dedicated areas of study.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Motivation \u0026amp; Emotion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMotivation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLewin's Field Theory of Motivation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMotives\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeasurement of Human Motives\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmotion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCharacteristics of Emotions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCognitive Theories\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLimitations of Cognitive Theories\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Language \u0026amp; Communication\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLanguage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLinguistic Structures\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheories of Language Acquisition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNoam Chomsky\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBilingualism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProperties of Language\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommunication\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Language and Communication section examines language as a system of sounds and symbols and discusses properties such as displacement, productivity, reflectiveness and learnability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Areas Covered Across the 3-Book Set\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFoundations \u0026amp; History of Psychology\u003cbr\u003eSchools and Approaches of Psychology\u003cbr\u003ePersonality \u0026amp; Personality Theories\u003cbr\u003ePsychoanalytical and Behavioural Approaches\u003cbr\u003eLearning \u0026amp; Conditioning\u003cbr\u003eSocial Learning\u003cbr\u003eMemory \u0026amp; Forgetting\u003cbr\u003eSensation, Attention \u0026amp; Perception\u003cbr\u003eAbnormal Psychology\u003cbr\u003eMental Disorders \u0026amp; Mental Health\u003cbr\u003eConsciousness \u0026amp; Contemporary Issues\u003cbr\u003eIntelligence \u0026amp; Aptitude\u003cbr\u003eEmotional Intelligence\u003cbr\u003eThinking \u0026amp; Problem Solving\u003cbr\u003eCreativity \u0026amp; Decision Making\u003cbr\u003eTherapeutic Approaches\u003cbr\u003eAttitude, Values \u0026amp; Interest\u003cbr\u003eSocial Integration \u0026amp; Prejudice\u003cbr\u003ePsychology of Gender\u003cbr\u003eMotivation \u0026amp; Emotion\u003cbr\u003eLanguage \u0026amp; Communication\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDesigned for Psychology Optional Preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe three-volume structure brings together a wide range of psychological concepts, theories, processes and applications in one coordinated course. The books progress from the basic foundations of Psychology to cognitive, abnormal and social psychology, helping aspirants study the subject in an organised manner.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBook-I primarily covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction, Personality, Learning, Memory, and Sensation, Attention \u0026amp; Perception\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBook-II covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbnormal Psychology, Contemporary Issues in Psychology, Intelligence \u0026amp; Aptitude, Thinking \u0026amp; Problem Solving, and Therapeutic Approaches\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBook-III covers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAttitude, Values \u0026amp; Interest, Social Integration \u0026amp; Prejudice, Psychology of Gender, Motivation \u0026amp; Emotion, and Language \u0026amp; Communication\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTogether, these books provide structured study material for aspirants opting for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePsychology in the Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e, with extensive coverage of fundamental theories as well as cognitive, social and applied dimensions of the discipline.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52678077415704,"sku":"CN010","price":1200.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_6311eda9-bf7d-4fe5-bcd7-0a51be3cc89a.jpg?v=1789373500"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-nta-ugc-net-jrf-samajshastra-paper-ii-class-notes-set-of-5-books-units-1-10-hindi-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS NTA UGC NET\/JRF Samajshastra Paper-II Class Notes Set of 5 Books, Units 1–10, Hindi Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDRISHTI IAS NTA\/UGC NET\/JRF Sociology Paper-II Class Notes – Set of 5 Books | Units 1–10 | Hindi Medium | Samajshastra | Teaching Exams\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComplete Sociology Paper-II Class Notes Set of 5 Books\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnits 1 to 10\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein a systematic sequence\u003cbr\u003eDesigned for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA UGC NET\/JRF Sociology Paper-II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003epreparation\u003cbr\u003eDetailed coverage of Sociological Theory, Research Methods, Social Institutions, Rural-Urban Transformation, Politics, Economy, Environment, Family, Technology and Culture\u003cbr\u003eIncludes major Western and Indian sociological thinkers\u003cbr\u003eHindi Medium class notes prepared in easy-to-understand language\u003cbr\u003eStructured unit-wise coverage for focused study and revision\u003cbr\u003eCovers major concepts related to caste, class, gender, tribe, ethnicity, family and social stratification\u003cbr\u003eIncludes Environment \u0026amp; Society, Development, Globalization and Social Movements\u003cbr\u003eCovers Science, Technology, Digital Society, Media and Cyber Crime\u003cbr\u003eUseful study material for candidates preparing for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUGC NET Sociology, NTA NET Sociology and JRF Sociology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbout the Sociology Paper-II Class Notes Set\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti IAS NTA\/UGC-NET\/JRF Sociology Paper-II Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eare a comprehensive five-book set designed to provide structured coverage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eall 10 units of Sociology Paper-II\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe books divide the syllabus into manageable two-unit volumes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 1 – Units 1 \u0026amp; 2\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 2 – Units 3 \u0026amp; 4\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 3 – Units 5 \u0026amp; 6\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 4 – Units 7 \u0026amp; 8\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 5 – Units 9 \u0026amp; 10\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis structure allows aspirants to study Sociology progressively—from fundamental sociological theories and research methodology to institutions, political processes, economic structures, environment, family, technology and cultural transformation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe source syllabus pages organize the course into\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSociological Theory; Research Methodology and Methods; Basic Concepts and Institutions; Rural and Urban Transformations; State, Politics and Development; Economy and Society; Environment and Society; Family, Marriage and Kinship; Science, Technology and Society; and Culture and Symbolic Transformations.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBOOK 1 – UNIT 1 \u0026amp; UNIT 2\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 1: Sociological Theory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis unit introduces aspirants to classical, structural, interpretative, contemporary and Indian sociological traditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClassical Sociological Traditions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmile Durkheim\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMax Weber\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKarl Marx\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStructural Functionalism \u0026amp; Structuralism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBronislaw Malinowski\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA.R. Radcliffe-Brown\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTalcott Parsons\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRobert K. Merton\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClaude Levi-Strauss\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterpretative Traditions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eG.H. Mead\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKarl Mannheim\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlfred Schutz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHarold Garfinkel\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eErving Goffman\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClifford Geertz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePostmodernism, Post-Structuralism \u0026amp; Post-Colonialism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEdward Said\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePierre Bourdieu\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMichel Foucault\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJurgen Habermas\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnthony Giddens\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eManuel Castells\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Thinkers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eM.K. Gandhi\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eB.R. Ambedkar\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRadhakamal Mukerjee\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eG.S. Ghurye\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eM.N. Srinivas\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIrawati Karve\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis section provides a broad base for understanding the major thinkers and intellectual traditions that form the foundation of sociological analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 2: Research Methodology \u0026amp; Methods\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCovers important concepts and techniques used in sociological research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConcept of Social Reality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhilosophy of Science\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScientific Method in Social Sciences\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEpistemology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpretative Traditions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eObjectivity and Reflexivity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEthics and Politics of Research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Science Research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eResearch Design\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eData and Document Reading\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInduction and Deduction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFacts, Concepts and Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHypothesis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eResearch Questions and Objectives\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative Methods\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQualitative Methods\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEthnography\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSurvey Method\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHistorical Method\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComparative Method\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSampling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuestionnaire and Schedule\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eObservation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterview\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCase Study\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpretation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eData Analysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReport Writing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis unit helps learners understand how sociological knowledge is produced, analysed and presented through systematic research methods.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBOOK 2 – UNIT 3 \u0026amp; UNIT 4\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 3: Basic Concepts \u0026amp; Institutions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntroduces fundamental concepts necessary for understanding society and social organization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSociological Concepts\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Structure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCulture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNetworks\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStatus and Role\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIdentity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommunity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eValues, Norms and Rules\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePersonhood\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHabitus\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgency\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBureaucracy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAuthority\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSocial Institutions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarriage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamily\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKinship\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEconomy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eState\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEducation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLaw\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCustoms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSocial Stratification\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Difference\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHierarchy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInequality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarginalization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCaste\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClass\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSexuality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDisability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRace\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTribe\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEthnicity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSocial Change \u0026amp; Processes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEvolution and Diffusion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eModernization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDevelopment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Transformation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlobalization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Mobility\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe unit builds conceptual clarity about social structures, institutions, inequality and processes of social change.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 4: Rural \u0026amp; Urban Transformations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRural and Agrarian Society\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCaste and Tribal Settlements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgrarian Social Structure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmerging Class Relations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLand Ownership\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgrarian Relations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgrarian Economy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMigration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgrarian Distress\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePeasant Movements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChanging Inter-community Relations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eViolence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUrban Society\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUrbanism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUrbanity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUrbanization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTowns, Cities and Metropolises\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndustry, Service and Occupation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeighbourhoods\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSlums\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEthnic Enclaves\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMiddle Class\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGated Communities\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUrban Movements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUrban Violence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis section examines how economic, demographic and institutional changes transform rural and urban social structures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBOOK 3 – UNIT 5 \u0026amp; UNIT 6\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 5: State, Politics \u0026amp; Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFocuses on the sociological dimensions of politics, governance, development and collective action.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolitical Processes in India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNation and Nation-State\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBorders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBureaucracy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGovernance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDevelopment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePublic Policy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHealth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEducation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLivelihood\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolitical Culture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrassroots Democracy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLaw and Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender and Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorruption\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInternational Development Organizations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSocial Movements \u0026amp; Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolitical Groups\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePressure Groups\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCaste-based Movements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEthnic Movements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIdeological Movements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender-based Movements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDisability Movements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligious and Regional Movements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCivil Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCitizenship\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNGOs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActivism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLeadership\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReservation and Politics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe unit enables learners to examine the relationship between society, political institutions, development policies and social movements.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 6: Economy \u0026amp; Society\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExamines the relationship between economic processes and social organization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExchange\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGift\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCapital\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLabour\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarket\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDebates on Modes of Production\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProperty and Property Relations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eState and Market\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWelfare\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeo-Liberalism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eModels of Economic Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePoverty\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExclusion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFactory and Industrial Systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChanging Nature of Labour Relations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender and Labour\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBusiness and Family\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDigital Economy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eE-Commerce\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlobal Business\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorporates\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTourism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsumption\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe unit connects classical economic processes with contemporary issues such as globalization, digital economy, corporate structures and changing labour relations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBOOK 4 – UNIT 7 \u0026amp; UNIT 8\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 7: Environment \u0026amp; Society\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvides sociological perspectives on ecology, environmental change, development and human communities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial and Cultural Ecology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTechnological Change\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgriculture and Biodiversity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndigenous Knowledge Systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndigenous Medicine\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender and Environment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eForest Policies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTribal Communities\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExclusion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEcological Degradation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMigration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDevelopment and Displacement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRehabilitation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWater and Social Exclusion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDisaster and Community Responses\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnvironmental Pollution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePublic Health\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDisability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClimate Change\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInternational Policies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnvironmental Movements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis unit helps candidates understand environmental questions through social, cultural, political and developmental perspectives.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 8: Family, Marriage \u0026amp; Kinship\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExamines family and kinship as key social institutions and explores their changing contemporary forms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMajor themes include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheoretical Approaches to Family and Kinship\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarriage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamily\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKinship Structures\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender Relations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Dynamics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInheritance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuccession\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAuthority\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender and Sexuality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReproduction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChildren, Youth and Adults\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmotions and Family\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmerging Forms of Family\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChanging Patterns of Marriage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChanging Systems of Care\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamily Laws\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDomestic Violence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCrimes against Women\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHonour Killing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe unit connects classical studies of kinship with contemporary transformations in family, gender, marriage and care arrangements.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBOOK 5 – UNIT 9 \u0026amp; UNIT 10\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 9: Science, Technology \u0026amp; Society\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCovers the growing impact of technological change on social institutions, everyday life and politics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHistory of Technological Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChanging Concepts of Time and Space\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlows and Boundaries\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVirtual Communities\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrint Media\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectronic Media\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVisual Media\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Media\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eE-Governance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSurveillance Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTechnology and Emerging Political Processes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eState Policy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDigital Divide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDigital Inclusion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTechnology and Changing Family Relations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTechnology and Changing Health Systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFood and Technology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCyber Crime\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis unit is particularly relevant for understanding how digital technologies are reshaping communication, governance, communities and social relations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 10: Culture \u0026amp; Symbolic Transformations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCovers major sociological dimensions of culture, religion, symbols, morality and identity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSigns and Symbols\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligious Rituals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBeliefs and Practices\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChanging Material Culture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMoral Economy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFormal and Informal Education\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligious Organizations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligiosity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpirituality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommodification of Religious Practices\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommunalism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSecularism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCultural Identity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMobilization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCulture and Politics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender, Body and Culture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArt and Aesthetics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEthics and Morality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSports and Culture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePilgrimage and Religious Tourism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligion and Economy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCulture and Environment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNew Religious Movements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis concluding unit brings together culture, religion, politics, identity and symbolic processes to help aspirants understand how cultural meanings are created and transformed in society.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKEY FEATURES OF THIS SOCIOLOGY CLASS NOTES SET\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSet of 5 Books covering all Units 1–10\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSpecifically designed for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNTA\/UGC-NET\/JRF Sociology Paper-II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHindi Medium \/ Samajshastra Class Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEasy-to-follow, unit-wise organization\u003cbr\u003eMajor classical and contemporary sociological thinkers covered\u003cbr\u003eIndian sociological thinkers included\u003cbr\u003eResearch Methodology and Research Methods covered\u003cbr\u003eSocial Concepts, Institutions and Stratification explained\u003cbr\u003eRural and Urban Sociology included\u003cbr\u003ePolitics, Governance, Development and Social Movements covered\u003cbr\u003eEconomy, Labour and Market Relations included\u003cbr\u003eEnvironment, Climate Change and Society covered\u003cbr\u003eFamily, Marriage, Kinship and Gender covered\u003cbr\u003eScience, Technology, Media and Digital Society included\u003cbr\u003eCulture, Religion, Identity and Symbolic Transformation covered\u003cbr\u003eSuitable for systematic study, revision and concept building\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWHO CAN USE THESE NOTES?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese Sociology Class Notes are designed primarily for candidates preparing for:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNTA UGC NET Sociology\u003cbr\u003eUGC NET Sociology Paper-II\u003cbr\u003eJRF Sociology\u003cbr\u003eSociology Teaching Exams\u003cbr\u003eSociology subject-based competitive examinations\u003cbr\u003eCandidates seeking Hindi Medium Sociology study material\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe five-volume structure makes it convenient to study the entire subject unit-by-unit rather than working from scattered material.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCOMPLETE UNIT-WISE COVERAGE AT A GLANCE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 1:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eSociological Theory\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 2:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eResearch Methodology \u0026amp; Methods\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 3:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eBasic Concepts \u0026amp; Institutions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 4:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eRural \u0026amp; Urban Transformations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 5:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eState, Politics \u0026amp; Development\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 6:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eEconomy \u0026amp; Society\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 7:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eEnvironment \u0026amp; Society\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 8:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eFamily, Marriage \u0026amp; Kinship\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 9:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eScience, Technology \u0026amp; Society\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnit 10:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCulture \u0026amp; Symbolic Transformations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith the entire Paper-II content organized across five dedicated books, the set provides aspirants with a structured pathway from foundational theories and research methods to contemporary sociological issues such as globalization, environment, digital technology, family transformation and cultural change.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52678587908376,"sku":"CNO11","price":2250.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_3_e3e4ef89-fead-40d2-969f-6a77ba4e6241.jpg?v=1789382797"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-sociology-optional-course-class-notes-combo-set-of-2-books-paper-i-paper-ii-english-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS Sociology Optional Course Class Notes, Combo Set of 2 Books Paper I \u0026 Paper II English Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSociology Optional Course – Paper I \u0026amp; Paper II | Civil Services Examination\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComplete 2-book Sociology Optional Course\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovering\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePaper I and Paper II\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesigned for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCivil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eSociology Optional preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePaper I\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovers the discipline of Sociology, sociological theory, research methodology, major thinkers, stratification, politics, religion, kinship, social change and economic life\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes major sociological thinkers such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKarl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Talcott Parsons, R.K. Merton and G.H. Mead\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003escientific method, positivism, qualitative and quantitative research, data collection, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePaper II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efocuses on\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndian Society\u003c\/strong\u003e, its structure, institutions and processes of social transformation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erural social structure, caste, tribal communities, social classes, kinship and religion in India\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eindustrialization, urbanisation, rural transformation, development planning and social change\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esocial movements, politics and society, population dynamics and challenges of social transformation\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStructured around the Sociology Optional syllabus for focused Civil Services preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 dir=\"auto\"\u003eAbout this Course\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSociology Optional Course\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eby\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrishti Publications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis a two-part study resource for aspirants preparing Sociology as an optional subject for the Civil Services Examination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePaper I\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebuilds the theoretical and methodological foundation of Sociology. It begins with the emergence and scope of the discipline and progresses through Sociology as science, research methods, classical and modern sociological thinkers, social stratification, politics, religion, kinship, social change, and work and economic life. The volume is organised into\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10 major chapters\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePaper II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eapplies sociological perspectives to Indian society. It covers the impact of colonialism, rural and agrarian structures, caste and tribal communities, social classes, kinship, religion, development, industrialization, urbanisation, politics, social movements, population and contemporary social challenges. The volume contains\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14 major chapters\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecovering Indian society and social transformation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTogether, the two books provide structured coverage of both\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esociological concepts and theories\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand their application to the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003estudy of Indian society\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 dir=\"auto\"\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePaper I\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSociology – The Discipline\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSociology as Science\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eResearch Methods \u0026amp; Analysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSociological Thinkers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Stratification\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolitics and Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligion and Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSystems of Kinship\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Change in Modern Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWork and Economic Life\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePaper II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerspectives on the Study of Indian Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImpact of Colonial Rule on Indian Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRural Social Structure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCaste System\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTribal Community of India\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Classes in India\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSystems of Kinship in India\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligion and Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVisions of Social Change in India\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndustrialization and Urbanisation in India\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolitics and Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Movements in Modern India\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePopulation Dynamics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChallenges of Social Transformation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52697189581080,"sku":"CN014","price":800.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_9e62e2cd-5e65-434f-9859-0ef82b5d7c99.jpg?v=1789640958"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-rajniti-vigyan-optional-course-class-notes-combo-set-of-5-paper-i-ii-hindi-medium","title":"DRISHTI IAS Rajniti Vigyan Optional Course Class Notes Combo Set of 5 – Paper-I \u0026 II, Hindi Medium","description":"\u003ch1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePolitical Science Optional Class Notes – Complete Set of 5 Books | Paper-I \u0026amp; Paper-II\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComplete 5-book set\u003c\/strong\u003e for \u003cstrong\u003ePolitical Science Optional\u003c\/strong\u003e covering both \u003cstrong\u003ePaper-I and Paper-II\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesigned for \u003cstrong\u003eIAS\/PCS and Civil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers \u003cstrong\u003eIndian \u0026amp; Western Political Thought, Political Theory, Indian National Movement, Indian Government \u0026amp; Politics, Comparative Politics, International Relations, and India \u0026amp; the World\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes major Indian thinkers such as \u003cstrong\u003eManu, Kautilya, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Arvind Ghosh, Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and M.N. Roy\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers major Western thinkers including \u003cstrong\u003ePlato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, J.S. Mill, Karl Marx, Antonio Gramsci and Hannah Arendt\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers key concepts of \u003cstrong\u003eState, Justice, Equality, Rights, Democracy, Power, Hegemony, Ideology and Legitimacy\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes the development of the \u003cstrong\u003eIndian National Movement\u003c\/strong\u003e, Gandhi, constitutional development, left-wing movements, trade unions and Partition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers \u003cstrong\u003eIndian Constitution, Legislature, Executive, Judiciary, Federalism, Panchayati Raj, Constitutional Institutions, Party System and Social Movements\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePaper-II covers \u003cstrong\u003eComparative Politics, International Relations, Global Political Order, International Economic Order, United Nations and Contemporary Global Concerns\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes \u003cstrong\u003eIndia’s Foreign Policy, Non-Alignment, South Asia, Global South, Global Centres of Power, United Nations System and Nuclear Issues\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapters include \u003cstrong\u003eimportant questions and UPSC Mains Previous Year Questions\u003c\/strong\u003e for exam-oriented preparation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 dir=\"auto\"\u003eAbout this Book Set\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003ePolitical Science Optional Class Notes – Complete Set of 5 Books\u003c\/strong\u003e by \u003cstrong\u003eDrishti Publications\u003c\/strong\u003e is a comprehensive study resource covering the major areas of \u003cstrong\u003ePolitical Science Paper-I and Paper-II\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe set begins with \u003cstrong\u003eIndian and Western Political Thought\u003c\/strong\u003e, covering major traditions and political thinkers. It then moves to \u003cstrong\u003ePolitical Theory and the Indian National Movement\u003c\/strong\u003e, followed by a dedicated volume on \u003cstrong\u003eIndian Government and Politics\u003c\/strong\u003e. Together, these three books form the major coverage of Paper-I.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePaper-II is covered through \u003cstrong\u003eComparative Politics and International Relations\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eIndia \u0026amp; the World\u003c\/strong\u003e. These books include comparative political analysis, international relations, global institutions, international political and economic systems, India’s foreign policy and India’s relations with regional and global actors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe five-book structure provides organised coverage of the subject for \u003cstrong\u003esystematic study, revision and answer-writing-oriented preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 dir=\"auto\"\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 1 – Bharatiya va Pashchatya Rajnitik Chintan\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKhand-I: Bharatiya Rajnitik Chintan\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDharmashastra, Arthashastra aur Bauddh Paramparayein\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eManu\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAcharya Kautilya\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSir Syed Ahmad Khan\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArvind Ghosh\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMahatma Gandhi\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDr. B.R. Ambedkar\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eManvendra Nath Roy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKhand-II: Pashchatya Rajnitik Chintan\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlato\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAristotle\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNiccolo Machiavelli\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThomas Hobbes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJohn Locke\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJean-Jacques Rousseau\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJohn Stuart Mill\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKarl Marx\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAntonio Gramsci\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHannah Arendt\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 2 – Rajneeti Siddhant va Bharatiya Rashtriya Andolan\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKhand-I: Rajneeti Siddhant\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRajneeti Siddhant: Arth evam Upagam\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRajya ke Siddhant\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNyay ke Siddhant\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSamanta\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdhikar\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrajatantra\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShakti, Prabhutva, Vichardhara evam Vaidhata ki Sankalpana\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRajnitik Vichardharayein\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKhand-II: Bharatiya Rashtriya Andolan\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBharatiya Rashtravad\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRashtriya Andolan ka Vikas\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGandhi aur Bharatiya Rashtriya Andolan\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYuddhoparant Sandhi Vartayein evam Mahatvapurn Ghatnakram\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlagavvad ki Rajneeti\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRashtriya Andolan mein Nari evam Chhatron ki Sahbhagita\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBharat ka Samvaidhanik Vikas\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSwatantrata Sangharsh ke Dauran Vampanthi Andolan\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMazdoor Sangh evam Swatantrata Andolan\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSwatantrata tatha Bharat ka Vibhajan\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBharatiya Rashtriya Andolan: Vibhinn Pariprekshya\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 3 – Bharatiya Shasan evam Rajneeti\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSamvidhan Sabha: Bharatiya Rajya Vyavastha ke Pariprekshya mein\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBharatiya Samvidhan ki Pramukh Visheshatayen\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSanghiya Vidhayika\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSanghiya Karyapalika\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBharat mein Nyayapalika\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRajya ka Vidhanmandal va Karyapalika\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSanghvaad\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZameeni Loktantra: Panchayati Raj evam Nagarpalikayen\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSamvaidhanik Sansthayein evam Aayog\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYojana evam Aarthik Vikas\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBharatiya Rajneeti mein Jaati, Dharm evam Nrijatiyata\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBharat mein Dal Pranali tatha Dabaav Samuh\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSamajik Andolan\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 4 – Tulnatmak Rajneeti tatha Antarrashtriya Sambandh\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTulnatmak Rajneeti: Swaroop aur Upagam\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTulnatmak Pariprekshya mein Rajya\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRajnitik Pratinidhitva evam Sahbhagita\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTulnatmak Rajneeti tatha Bhumandalikaran\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAntarrashtriya Sambandhon ke Adhyayan ke Upagam\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAntarrashtriya Sambandhon mein Aadharbhut Sankalpanayein\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBadalti Antarrashtriya Rajnitik Vyavastha\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAntarrashtriya Aarthik Vyavastha\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSanyukt Rashtra\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVishwa Rajneeti ka Kshetriyakaran\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSamkaleen Vaishvik Sarokar\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 5 – Bharat evam Vishwa\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBharat ki Videsh Neeti\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGutnirpekshta va Bharat\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBharat va Dakshin Asia\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBharat evam Vaishvik Dakshin\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBharat aur Vaishvik Shakti Kendra\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBharat evam Sanyukt Rashtra Vyavastha\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBharat evam Nabhikiya Prashn\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBharat ki Videsh Neeti mein Haal ke Vikas\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52715248550168,"sku":"CN015","price":2400.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/Untitleddesign_5ee346e2-2767-4d60-b0b8-fc4152075082.jpg?v=1789801553"},{"product_id":"drishti-ias-political-science-international-relations-psir-optional-course-combo-set-of-6-books-english","title":"DRISHTI IAS Political Science \u0026 International Relations (PSIR), Optional Course, Combo Set of 6 Books, English","description":"\u003ch1\u003ePolitical Science \u0026amp; International Relations Optional Course – Complete Set of 6 Books | Civil Services Examination\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComplete 6-book Political Science \u0026amp; International Relations (PSIR) Optional Course\u003c\/strong\u003e for \u003cstrong\u003eCivil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers major areas of \u003cstrong\u003ePolitical Science Paper-I and Paper-II\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes \u003cstrong\u003eWestern \u0026amp; Indian Political Thought\u003c\/strong\u003e with Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, J.S. Mill, Marx, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt, Kautilya, Gandhi, Ambedkar, M.N. Roy and other thinkers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers \u003cstrong\u003ePolitical Theory\u003c\/strong\u003e including State, Justice, Equality, Rights, Democracy, Power, Hegemony, Ideology, Legitimacy and Political Ideologies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers \u003cstrong\u003eIndian Government \u0026amp; Politics\u003c\/strong\u003e through the Constitution, Union and State Governments, Judiciary, Federalism, Caste, Ethnicity and Religion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes \u003cstrong\u003eIndia’s Freedom Struggle, Indian National Movement, Grassroot Democracy, Constitutional\/Statutory Institutions, Planning, Economic Development and Social Movements\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers \u003cstrong\u003eComparative Political Analysis and International Politics\u003c\/strong\u003e, including approaches to International Relations, global political order, international economic system, United Nations and regional organisations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes \u003cstrong\u003eIndia and the World\u003c\/strong\u003e, covering Indian Foreign Policy, Non-Alignment, South Asia, Global South, major powers, UN system and nuclear issues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStructured for systematic \u003cstrong\u003ePSIR Optional study, conceptual clarity and revision\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 dir=\"auto\"\u003eAbout this Book Set\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003ePolitical Science \u0026amp; International Relations Optional Course – Set of 6 Books\u003c\/strong\u003e by \u003cstrong\u003eDrishti Publications\u003c\/strong\u003e is a structured study resource covering the major components of Political Science and International Relations for the \u003cstrong\u003eCivil Services Examination\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe series begins with \u003cstrong\u003eWestern \u0026amp; Indian Political Thought\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003ePolitical Theory\u003c\/strong\u003e, followed by two dedicated books on \u003cstrong\u003eIndian Government \u0026amp; Politics\u003c\/strong\u003e. The remaining volumes cover \u003cstrong\u003eComparative Political Analysis, International Politics and India’s engagement with the world\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTogether, the six books provide organised coverage of political thinkers, theories, constitutional institutions, Indian politics, national movement, comparative politics, international relations, global institutions and Indian foreign policy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 dir=\"auto\"\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 1 – Western \u0026amp; Indian Political Thought\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntroducing Political Thought\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlato\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAristotle\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNiccolo Machiavelli\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThomas Hobbes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJohn Locke\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJohn Stuart Mill\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKarl Marx\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAntonio Gramsci\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHannah Arendt\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndian Political Thought: Dharamshastra\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArthashastra\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBuddhist Traditions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSir Syed Ahmed Khan\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAurobindo Ghosh\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGandhi\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAmbedkar\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eM.N. Roy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 2 – Political Theory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolitical Theory: Meaning \u0026amp; Approaches\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheories of State\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJustice\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEquality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRights\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDemocracy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConcept of Power, Hegemony, Ideology \u0026amp; Legitimacy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolitical Ideologies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 3 – Indian Government \u0026amp; Politics: Part-I\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSalient Features of the Indian Constitution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrincipal Organs of the Union Government\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrincipal Organs of the State Government\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFederalism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCaste, Ethnicity and Religion in Indian Politics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 4 – Indian Government \u0026amp; Politics: Part-II\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolitical Strategies of India’s Freedom Struggle\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerspectives on Indian National Movement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrassroot Democracy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStatutory Institutions\/Commissions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlanning and Economic Development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSocial Movements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 5 – Comparative Political Analysis \u0026amp; International Politics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComparative Politics: Nature and Major Approaches\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eState in Comparative Perspective\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolitics of Representation and Participation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlobalisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApproaches to the Study of International Relations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKey Concepts in International Relations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChanging International Political Order\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEvolution of the International Economic System\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnited Nations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRegionalisation of World Politics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContemporary Global Concerns\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook 6 – India and the World\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndian Foreign Policy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia’s Contribution to Non-Alignment Movement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia and South Asia\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia and the Global South\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia and the Global Centres of Power\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia and the UN System\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia and the Nuclear Question\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecent Developments in Indian Foreign Policy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"DRISHTI PUBLICATIONS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52758216638744,"sku":"CN008","price":2250.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0961\/2686\/1592\/files\/ChatGPTImageSep24_2026_03_39_51PM_dcf0e68e-7ff7-4168-9817-396c693e661d.png?v=1790245079"}],"url":"https:\/\/shop.drishtipublications.com\/collections\/class-notes\/newly-launched.oembed","provider":"Drishti Publications","version":"1.0","type":"link"}